... a constant reminder to his characters, showing that the stench of slavery cannot be washed away or otherwise forgotten as suggested by other New Negro writers during the earlier 20th century. John Armstrong in the New York Tribune said 'the Southern Negro [had] found an authentic lyrical voice in Jean Toomer'.25 Toomer uses homages to music as a way to highlight ... had to understand slavery and it's effects in order to move forward. The New Negro movement was flawed, as it did not try to comprehend the effects of slavery. Alain Locke proclaimed in his book The New Negro 'negr...

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