... subsidiary roles is to look at the locus of decision-making within a company. In other words, who has the responsibility to make decisions within the TNC. If responsibility for production, marketing, finance and research etc is shared by subsidiaries and headquarters alike the subsidiary may show aspects of strategic leadership. If, however, the locus of decision making centres on head office ... the case for Toyota as each subsidiary has a Japanese expatriate in charge, or if, as in Europe the head of the subsidiary is not Japanese, there will always be a Japanese coordinator (Reingold...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate