Also, the African scale, which contains notes flatted on the 3rd, 7th, and sometimes 5th degrees, is directly translated into blues music, which also incorporates slides into its instrumental form. ... Primarily instrumental, ragtime was commonly performed on piano or arranged for brass bands. ... They were the first to use the piano as a rhythm instrument, and to combine it with the banjo, the tuba, and in later pieces, the upright bass, in a rhythm section. ... Finally, this music made the piano, drums, and bass important solo instruments, as in Bebop, all instruments played an equal r...

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Several individuals were instrumental in the propagation of this new form, such as Charlie "Bird" Parker (alto sax), Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet), Thelonious Monk (piano), Bud Powell (piano), Miles Davis (trumpet), and Charles Mingus (bass). The standard ensemble became a quintet, consisting of piano, bass, drums, reed instrument, and trumpet. ... The distinguishing factors of the bop style were: notes that were more far-reaching, and which Garner 2contained a rhythm that was looser and more complex. ... The playing pattern usually initiates with the theme, then follows with a reed solo, trumpet ...

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