... with "the end of cultural hierarchy". Both have proclaimed the end of cultural hierarchy. According to the poststructionist Roland Barthes, there exists two different kinds of texts, one is "readerly" and the other is "writerly". The "readerly" text is the text that is friendly to readers. It is smooth' outside, the narration flows' and the language is easy to ... meanings, while reader of a "writerly" text is generally producer of textural meanings; the theme of a "readerly" text is usually overt, definite, and converged, while the theme of a "writerly" text is usually covert, ambiguous...

• Word Count: 2060
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... was like for a widowed mother whose only son goes off to war, the setting taking place in Virelogne, France during the Franco-Prussian war. Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) lived during this time and participated in the war himself. Through Historical, Biographical, and New Historical critical analysis of the author, and ... deemed one of the modern masters of the art of the short story and has influenced practitioners of that genre from his time to the present. (Guy de Maupassant Encarta Encyclopedia 2001. CD-ROM. Microsoft Electronic Publishing, 2001) Maupassant did not grow up a natural ...

• Word Count: 2584
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... the truth he is looking for. In this novel the settings, which are emphasized by lengthy detail by the author, are central and essential to the text. The settings are given in vivid detail in the novel. Carpentier uses them and their descriptions to help describe the narrator in himself. The settings range ... City to the South American cities. The novel also goes into the city and the jungle itself. We also are taken to the setting of Santa Monica de los Venados. Moreover, the settings of the individual rooms and buildings within the larger settings also play a pivotal role throughout th...

• Word Count: 1028
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... its own terms, to fulfill itself imaginatively. On the other hand, it speaks to a people and to their beliefs about themselves. Huck is said to live for us somewhat as Roland for France or Arthur for England. If Huck is firmly preserved in myth it would be useless to try to remove him. But his place in an American Myth would ... ...

• Word Count: 1713
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... the rest of Sarty's family. The inciting force takes place after Sarty and his family move to a house owned by a man named De Spain, under the assumption that they will cultivate De Spain's farm and give him a portion of the crop. After the family moves into the house, Abner decides to have a word with ... a pile of horse manure. In the next scene, the inciting force is established. In this scene, Abner proceeds to go into De Spain's house and wipes his soiled feet all over De Spain's expensive rug. In the book Short Story Criticism, Edmond Volpe states that "Ab does not discriminate be...

• Word Count: 845
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... to them, as they are places they know. " through Nedlands, Shenton Park, and Subiaco." The Australian bush is portrayed strongly throughout the text, establishing to the audience the fact the family also shares the Australian culture and surroundings thus producing a very real environment. Readers are able to ... river, the beautiful, the beautiful the river, the Lambs and the Pickleses are lighting up the morning like a dream- Historical events mentioned in the text such as Lester Lamb's involvement in World War Two, expressed the ideal that he was a true Australian fighting for his coun...

• Word Count: 1597
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... the characters and their past history. Instead, we get fragments of their lives: The one who chases Rudy? (p65) 3. Story-telling As Miss Van de Perre has suggested, Carver uses the technique of the frame story in "Fat". According to Hendrik van Gorp , a frame story is a story that ... her story and the listener has to interpret it. But Rita doesn't interpret the story; she doesn't go beneath the smooth surface. Miss Van de Perre claims that Carver gives a warning against passive readers. The concept of understanding a story becomes problematic if we equate ourselves, the readers, with ...

• Word Count: 2431
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... influences their perception and interpretation of the novel. Two such interpretations are the Post-Modern and Post-Colonial readings of In the Skin of a Lion. These two readings give the text more dimension, and with the awareness that this novel can be interpreted in numerous ways, a reader's understanding is strengthened and deepened. Post-Modernism, the absence of any certainty, discredits the ... - it disrupts the reading process to explore its own textual nature. Ondaatje breaks the illusion of reality and engages the reader in the process of making the meaning of the text, rather t...

• Word Count: 3985
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

... action of the story takes place in United States of America, somewhere at South, probably in California. There are no concrete geographical names mentioned in the text, however we can find the approximate location, judging by the author's use of proper names (e.g. Kino and Juana), his use of the language (americanisms favors ... this episode, which readers can only notice by themselves, as the author doesn't include his own opinion or judgement upon any subject anywhere in the text. In fact this part is quite drastic - the actions move quickly in it. The third part of the story extract ...

• Word Count: 691
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... the Civil Rights Movement and Antiwar Movement children began to question authority and to reject their parent's values. In relation to rejecting authority in the text she states "Roger was fast. In his illegal car, we drove to the reservoir," "I let him in the kitchen with ... first (Bailey. 5). By the 1970's (Susan's teenage years), birth control was being prescribed to both married and unmarried women (Bailey. 14). In the text she states "the school doctor gave out the pill like aspirin. He didn't ask you anything. I was fifteen" (Minot. 384). People ... if "the student's unconscio...

• Word Count: 866
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of abuse. Considering the poem's outline summary, the theme of "The Whipping" does deal with abuse, pain, and suffering. The text communicates this theme by using many devices, such as imagery, tone, alliteration, and consonance. The most obvious literary device in the poem uses is ... "shrilly," and "stick," and "writhing," "wrench," and "worse" (5, 8-10, 14-16). The text uses alliteration in verses and stanzas where abuse is readily mentioned. "[C]rashes" and "corners" both begin with a c- hard "c" ... begin with a w- sound (14-16). In using these expressions, the poem describes conn...

• Word Count: 777
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... is sometimes called "reader response criticism." The use of a first person limited narrator is one of the ways that Carver opens the text to multiple interpretation. Although the narrator speaks conversationally to the reader, his monologue clearly is constructed through both inclusion and exclusion of details. ... I had the feeling she didn't like what she saw," he reports. A second way that Carver works collaboratively with the reader in building the text is through his parallel rendering of Robert, the blind man, and the narrator, a sighted man. The rendering is, of course, ironic. R...

• Word Count: 11148
• Approx Pages: 45
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... basics of living and surviving. The monster is very intelligent and can learn at a exceedingly rapid rate. The family that he crosses is the De Lacey family. This family is also incomplete because they are also missing a mother figure here. Yet they have a substitute as does the Frankenstein family has. ... For the De Lacey family, Agatha, the sister, plays the womanly role here. Felix her brother always takes care of her and tries to make life as ... many hardships. The problems that this family faces are numerous indeed. Their father is blind and cannot help them in any way. Besides t...

• Word Count: 1455
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... , colloquial and descriptive language are used to construct certain meanings for the reader. There are many examples of figurative language used by Roald Dahl in the text, which helps to emphasise significant events. "Reaching out delicately like tendrils" (Page 14, Paragraph 1) is an example of a simile that is used ... a young age. In addition to this, as of the age of these pieces of slang it also highlights the historical context of the text. In the short story, the use of certain language Roald Dahl has used produces meanings for the reader. In the short story certain stereotypes .....

• Word Count: 890
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... . Daphne du Maurier's novel Rebecca, written in the mid 1930's, discusses the institution of marriage. Rebecca is a multi-generic fictional novel about a young woman's struggle after her marriage to Maxim De Winter based on the period in which it was written. Setting, character construction and class representation are all used in the novel to present to the reader that marriage was ... 's inner feelings. The novel Rebecca is set mostly in a large but old mansion by the name of Manderley, which is by the sea and owned by a rich inheritor named Maxim De Winter. The house is often described...

• Word Count: 1085
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... or Union troops that may bee looking for him. Thus the father has learned to only use the amount of fire needed to accomplish what he needed it for. The de Spain mansion is another important symbol in this story. As Sarty sees the house for the first time, he describes how the terror and despair that he feels for his ... a court of law or a sheriff. Thus the mansion symbolizes an untouchable safe place from Sarty's father. Another symbol is an expensive white carpet inside the de Spain house. As Sarty accompanies his father to the de Spain mansion, the father purposely steps in fresh ho...

• Word Count: 536
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... in some versions of post-modern theory actually celebrated" Kumar (1995: 103)) What I understand from this is that selecting a piece of postmodern text and examining it is insignificant. By the time you have written your analysis on the text, another one comes along, breaking the boundaries of postmodernism in some other way. Also, by defining postmodernism we are being quite unpostmodern as ... more inclined into believing that "Trainpotting" and "The Acid House" were more clear indications of postmodernism. I did like the way in which the text is written in shapes across the page a bi...

• Word Count: 1591
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... what is fabricated. If anything, it will just make you a more informed person. Even as late as high school, I use to trust what was in my history text. I thought I was memorizing for that 4.0 grade and 5 on my AP test, but little did I know that by doing so, I believed everything that my ... the landscape that Doctorow uses to create The Book of Daniel. Doctorow's opinions on social and political issues can be felt in many passages of this text. The story of a young boy, the main character Daniel struggles with life and coming to terms with his past. Paralleling the Rosenberg case of .....

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... from her most basic ideas about what literature and writing should be and do. Her ideas about what makes for good writing are contained in this text, if indirectly. Understanding these ideas allows the reader to see how she is able to write so convincingly, particularly since there seems to be such ... of the accuracy of an account or of a reasonable course of events. She sees the truth here as being something that is revealed through the text. Therefore, it is something that may have been previously unknown or disputed. The traditional method of convincing one of the truth of something...

• Word Count: 1697
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... distinguishes it from all other works, and not because of whatever in it may resemble them."" Todorov said that to deal with any text in literature we must be conscious that it reveals "properties that it shares with all literary texts, or with texts belonging to sub- ... groups of literature- and second, we must conceive that a text is "not only a product of pre-existing combinatorial system; it is also a transformation of that system."" He summarizes his study on genre as follows ... self-defining activity of the community is conducted in the light of the works, as its members have com...

• Word Count: 1508
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... a novel written in first person by a 14 year old Greaser, Ponyboy Curtis who allows us an insight into the lifestyles of these distinct worlds. I chose the novel "The Outsiders" as a text for year 10 for the following reasons: It is a novel which draws the reader in and allows the reader to understand a lifestyle alien to them. Even though the novel is ... can relate to this novel, because the narrator of the story is their own age and reflects many problems that they themselves may run into someday. The language of the text is easily understood as are the themes in the story. It contai...

• Word Count: 488
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School

... literature. The major theme of the genre was like to explain and understand the movement toward a new national identity. One of the great works of this literary movement is Maria de Jorge Isaacs. Maria encompasses many archetypal literary movement of Romanticism. This work is very important for Latin American romanticism for four main reasons: the nature of the sentimental novel, the ... also a lot of attention to nature and the environment. The allusions to religion and bourgeois life further characterize this work with the movement of Romanticism. In summary, these reasons Maria de Jo...

• Word Count: 1056
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... dead. Montresor defined would have been a hunter with intent to kill without injury, which is exactly what he does. Next, the wines from the amontillado to the Medoc and the De Grave, the amontillado represent their wealth and "connoisseurship" (Jerome B et al. 70) in fine wines. The Medoc was used as medicine to help the Fortunato's cough. Finally, the ... De Grave (of the grave) is ironic due to the fact that it was his last wine before entering his tomb. "The Cask of Amontillado" had extensive usage of many literary ... ...

• Word Count: 2072
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... half of the novel is in this form. An excellent example of this writing style is found on pg. 87 when Janie says "Ah'm gone tuh de house. Lemme know when dat ol' pee-de-bed is gone and Ah'll be right back." Ellison uses some colloquial diction and slang, but not nearly so much, since his main character was trying ... ...

• Word Count: 835
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

In the short story The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant, there is much evidence that the loss of the necklace by Mathlide has in some way destroyed her life and constructed the beginning to build up her character up. ... not confess that she indeed has lost her necklace, and does not prostrate herself while pleading for forgiveness (2). She takes the responsibility for her mistakes by replacing Mrs. Forestier's necklace. De Maupassant shows her qualities in the introduction, the incident, and the poverty she endures. At the beginning of the story Mathlide's pride is so strong that she does not ...

• Word Count: 635
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School