... no cap on office bearers being from outside. Then, there is no test for the representativeness of a trade union, through secret ballots or otherwise and no formal requirement of the recognition of trade unions by employers. A provision like this leads to multiplicity. This impinges on collective bargaining because an agreement with one union is not necessarily binding on others. With respect ... cause for industrial sickness. This is probably the reason why PSEs despite having labor costs about 15% higher than private enterprises over1984-89, have performed poorer than the latter. The p...

• Word Count: 3313
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School