... , so the federal government could not force a shop or bar owner to desegregate. This helped to establish the principle of "separate-but-equal" which was upheld by later rulings in cases such as "Plessy v. Ferguson." After the advent of the "separate-but-equal" doctrine America began to see the spread of what were known as "Jim Crow laws." Freedmen were not only ... the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) arose to torment and commit violence against both African-Americans and strong Republicans. Frederick Douglas, a dominant Republican said "Rebellion has been subdued, slavery abolished, and peace proclai...

• Word Count: 1105
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , furthermore, it ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not prevent individuals, as opposed to states, from practicing discrimination. An example would be Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), where the Court found that "separate but equal" public accommodations for African Americans, such as trains and restaurants, did not violate their rights. Cases such as there brought up new voices advocating civil equality, and the ... South and tolerate racial discrimination rather than make what he considered intemperate calls for equality. "In all things that are purely social," he said, blacks and white...

• Word Count: 1390
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , the Republicans remained in power in only three southern states. The election that year, one of the closest in American history, made it plain that the south would have no peace until northern troops were withdrawn. The next year, President Rutherford B. Hayes removed them, thereby admitting the failure of the "radical" reconstruction policy. Northern rule was ended in the south. But ... white car on the train. He was arrested and found guilty of violating the state statute. He appealed to the U. S. Supreme Court, but it upheld his conviction by claiming that "separate but equal" facil...

• Word Count: 4134
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: Undergraduate