In 1780, Jeremy Bentham, an English Philosopher, first initiated the arguments of ethics in the vicinity of protection and treatment against animal by stating that animals should be treated equally as humans and they should ... more adequate for research than animal use. (4) However, due to the technical difficulties, the use of animal as a whole organism is much more advantageous than computer-simulation method or in-vitro studies. Even though in-vitro studies can show how a compound has desired effects on isolated cells and tissues, it is not possible ... animals. First of all, the animal u...

• Word Count: 822
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... four million animals in the United States. Yet the use of animals in safety testing is the main issue in the animal research controversy. It raises issues such as the ethics and humaneness of deliberately poisoning animals, the propriety of harming animals for the sake of marketing a new cosmetic or household product, the applicability of animal data to humans, and the ... the animals as having any rights. Some animal rights theorists argue that any creature that feels pain is equal to another that feels pain, humans included. Peter Singer, a professor of ethics at Princeton University,...

• Word Count: 1294
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their focus to animal experimentation, which has become one of today's largest controversies. Many animal rights activists see their fight against animal experimentation as a simple matter of moral duty, of ethics, or even of religious obligation. Tom Reagan states, "We can't justify harming or killing a human being. . .[N]either can we do so even in the case of so lowly a creature as ... claims have been made that "[w]hen bad conditions are found in a research environment, the work may be stopped" (Wood 47) researchers are still urged to conduct experimentation in vitro, using computer...

• Word Count: 1051
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their focus to animal experimentation, which has become one of today's largest controversies. Many animal rights activists see their fight against animal experimentation as a simple matter of moral duty, of ethics, or even of religious obligation. Tom Reagan states, "We can't justify harming or killing a human being. . .[N]either can we do so even in the case of so lowly a creature as ... claims have been made that "[w]hen bad conditions are found in a research environment, the work may be stopped" (Wood 47) researchers are still urged to conduct experimentation in vitro, using computer...

• Word Count: 993
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate