According to the article, increased availability of crack cocaine, drug dealing and increased availability of firearms relates to gang violence and soaring homocide rates amongst African American youths. Alienation from the American mainstream, unemployment, and deficit in coping skills leads to substance abuse. ... This lack of support leads to low self esteem, low achievement, conduct behavior problems, high drop out rates, and drug abuse. ... Haynes et al. say that schools have a critical role to play in reducing the risk of the drug abuse amongst these students. ... The schools have ...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The study revealed that most drugs, including powder cocaine and heroins are delivered by whites and blacks are the majority delivering only crack cocaine. About 64% of those arrested for delivering drugs were black. ... The media usually depicts African Americans as typical drug users. This impacts the way Americans imagine a drug user. ... Shift the Focus of Drug Polices and Practices State and federal policymakers should shift the focus of drug policies in ways that would be more effective in addressing substance abuse and would also reduce racial and ethnic disparities. ...

• Word Count: 1374
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, Butler does cite past and contemporary administration of the death penalty, disparities between punishments for white-collar crimes and punishments for other crimes, more severe penalties for crack cocaine users than for powder cocaine users, and the high rate of incarceration of African-American men.2 All arguments regarding Butler's thesis must be framed within the context of these problems, if not directly addressing them. ...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate