... Many athletes contend that testing is a violation of their civil rights. If drugs were not undermining the fabric of this country and giving many athletics a competition edge, this would be an acceptable excuse. The issue of drugs in sports began with Ben Johnson, the Canadian sprinter, stripped of his gold medal in 1988 after testing positive for anabolic steroids. But Johnson's drug bust surprised few ... in the athletic community, where it was widely believed that the vast majority of Olympic athletes had been using ... the administration of drug testing in an environment in which fr...

• Word Count: 1522
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with the boundaries of the Fourth Amendment protections. Recently, The U.S Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment permitted a school policy that prevented students from participating in interscholastic sports unless they agree to random drug testing. In the case of Vernonia v. Acton, James Acton, who was a seventh grader during the 1991-92 school year, applied to be on the football team. ... He was given a drug-test consent form for him and his parents to sign. This was done for every student trying out for sports. No one suspected James of using drugs. However, he ... property" o...

• Word Count: 1422
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate