In contrast, the English monarchs, Henry VIII, Elizabeth, James I and Charles I, countered the religious reform movements. ... In turn, the English monarch implemented several policies, traditions, and practices such as the Oath of Allegiance, ceremonies and sacraments, and appointment of loyal clergies and bishops (Bernard, 1990). ...

• Word Count: 515
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate