... Venkatesh, 2001; Venkatesh, 1999). Nevertheless, other studies have shown that if youth gangs were socially rewarded, the effect of gang-related victimization against them would be neutralized (Melde, Taylor and Esbensen, 2009). They are more willing to accept the negative effects of being a gang member if they could gain valued reputation for displaying "nerve" at a time of adversity. A local ... ...

• Word Count: 2079
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... show that delinquency rates are of female gang members are lower than those of male gang members, but higher than those of non-gang females and even non-gang males (Esbensen and Huizinga, 1993). In general, female gang members commit fewer violent crimes than male gang members and are more inclined to property crimes and status offenses. Not only were male ... ...

• Word Count: 2737
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate