... curt, and disrespectful. The result of her behavior is the company loses one of its biggest clients. Now, examine this same situation in a mental health setting, one could only imagine that if the counselor handled a client with the same level of rudeness, the result could be a nervous breakdown, ... the inability to have facilities adequate to support the volume of people afflicted with substance and alcohol issues. Lysowski (2013) citing the Ohio Department of Health (2011) reports that one in four abusers die each day from a drug overdose. Furthermore, it is also important to note, th...

• Word Count: 2636
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... dedicating staff and judges, specialized services, advocacy for victims, ongoing training for criminal justice professionals, close monitoring pre and post disposition, and coordination with community programs. Mental health court achieves its goals through diverting offenders from incarceration into treatment (Casey 2005). Evidence shows that the implementation and execution of problem-solving courts have a positive impact on ... than in traditional courts, cases were concluded quicker than in traditional courts and the rate of case disposition at arraignment was higher than in traditi...

• Word Count: 4011
• Approx Pages: 16
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1980's documented that methadone saved the taxpayers $12 for every $1 spent. Failure to engage more opiate addicts in methadone treatment has tremendous adverse consequences, both for public health and safety. The UCLA study documented repeated incarcerations, and deaths due to accidents, infections, and violence that could have been prevented by a more aggressive use of methadone (CSAM, 2008). Opiates have ... reflected in the limited insurance coverage that is provided. Consider the fact that despite the fact that managing addiction is similar to managing other chronic diseases, most...

• Word Count: 3818
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... stop oneself from acting impulsively, and it is also responsible for the working memory and decision-making (Hopson, 2013). A recent longitudal study that was published in the journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviors was done by Tapert who looked at 12 to 14 year old boys and ... ;For boys who engaged in heavy drinking during adolescence, we see poor performance on tests of attention . . ." (Trudeau, 2010). Therefore Tapert's study shows that heavy drinking of alcohol is having a significant effect on certain areas of the brain which is effecting the memory and learning functions in the...

• Word Count: 2034
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... recent changes in Hawaii's laws and using marijuana for recreational purposes. The State of Hawaii should not legalize marijuana. First, marijuana poses health risks. It contains many toxic chemicals including some of the cancer causing agents found in tobacco. According to the National Drug Information Center ... three drugs are 77 times and adults are 104 times more likely to use cocaine. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., (CASA's) president said, "This study reveals a consistent and powerful connection between the use of cigarettes and alcohol and the subsequent use of marijuana, and between t...

• Word Count: 1430
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... socioeconomic realm of a user's life. Health ailments such as; lung cancer and other respiratory disease, temporary increased heart rate, decreased cognitive skills, and changes in a users mood all contribute to diminished social and economic gains. Previous research on marijuana use among college age adults has focused on the mental state and consequence of marijuana use. One study has examined the correlation of ... who share in his addiction. By a reduction in means, he has come to a plateau where there are others akin to him (Kaestner, 1998). Existing research has focused on the heal...

• Word Count: 1150
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... deeper into the loss of quality of life suffered by the pathological gambler and their family. The first step of this study was to determine the overall quality of life of pathological gamblers compared with the control group. The study found that the average cost of pathological gambling was roughly $3830.40 with the highest cost of an individual being $6,652.80 ... . Additionally, pathological gamblers' quality of life score was lower by -.076 compared to the constant 1.0 of the control group. Another important issue noted in the study was that the quality of life of a pathological gam...

• Word Count: 977
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... once again cleverly managed to conjure up a tax system so complicated and manipulative that not only confuses the average tax payer but even professionals. According to "one recent Money Magazine study, 45 different professional tax preparers came up with 45 different tax amounts for the same fictional family." (free-market net policy spotlight) Today, nearly 50% (federal, social security, tariffs, ... economy measured by its GDP, grew by 9.7%. That is nearly f times the rate of growth in the U.S. for the same year." (24:2) Libertarians offer a similar privatization solution regarding ou...

• Word Count: 7034
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... once again cleverly managed to conjure up a tax system so complicated and manipulative that not only confuses the average tax payer but even professionals. According to "one recent Money Magazine study, 45 different professional tax preparers came up with 45 different tax amounts for the same fictional family." (free-market net policy spotlight) Today, nearly 50% (federal, social security, tariffs, ... economy measured by its GDP, grew by 9.7%. That is nearly f times the rate of growth in the U.S. for the same year." (24:2) Libertarians offer a similar privatization solution regarding ou...

• Word Count: 7038
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... death by overdose. According to the prestigious European medical journal, The Lancet, "The smoking of cannabis, even long-term, is not harmful to health. It would be reasonable to judge cannabis as less of a threat than alcohol or tobacco." In recent years, it has significantly reduced the ... delusions, and depersonalization - a loss of the sense of personal identity, or self-recognition. 3 A study of 450 individuals found that people who smoke marijuana frequently but do not smoke tobacco have more health problems and miss more days of work than nonsmokers do. Many of the extra sick da...

• Word Count: 2773
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... extends much further than an unborn child's stint in the womb. Prenatal drug and alcohol exposure can affect a child for the rest of his or her life. According to a case study on adolescents who had been exposed to nicotine prenatally, conducted by Dr. Schadad Lotfipour and his colleges, teenagers who were exposed to nicotine prenatally were much more likely to abuse ... ;, the orbitofrontal cortex is accepted as the center of many human social and behavioral functions. The psychological disorders associated with prenatal drug and alcohol exposure are likely becoming a serious mental hea...

• Word Count: 2546
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... be virtually eliminated. Another safety issue surrounding drug usage is the spread of diseases, such as AIDS, through injection drug use. According to a study in 1996 "Drug paraphernalia laws in 47 U.S. states make it illegal for injection drug users to posses syringes". (www.csdp.org/factbook/syringee. ... This law effectively bans needle exchange programs (since they would be giving needles to drug users who are banned from having them). The study concluded that access to clean needles would reduce blood borne viruses in injection drug users. The legalization of drugs would also allow p...

• Word Count: 2317
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... genetics and Charles Darwin's cousin, became convinced that certain people possessed superior genes and others defective genes. Galton later coined the term "eugenics" and its definition emerged as "the study of the agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations either physically or mentally" (Reilly 3; 4). It was under these notions of ... distinctions between white and other, middle-class and poor constitutes CRACK as a racial project with tendencies to contain the right of reproduction within privilege communities and decrease the a...

• Word Count: 3927
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... their physical performance tremendously. According to Venumadhava (2013) teenagers who abuse alcohol and drugs often lack energy, they also complaint about their health over and over again, he further add that they tend to have an enduring cough and bloodshot eyes. Venumadhava is therefore acknowledging that ... use on academic performance and the majority of these studies have come to similar conclusions, in that, drug use do affect academic performance. One study for example, that was carried out by Pope and Yurgelum, as cited by (Malhotra & Biswas, 2006), revealed that of the students ...

• Word Count: 1383
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the chance of physical and mental abuse. In turn, this is apt to negatively impact childhood development, and to be a noteworthy long term determinant of impaired social, emotional and psychological health. Alcohol abuse is one of a variety of substance abuses. A lot of the literature on substance abuse doesn't differ between particular kinds of substances that are abused. Additionally, more ... ). Of course, many adults have had stressful events in their childhood, so it is difficult to be sure if ACOAs are noticeably different from other adults in this respect. A study from the Journal...

• Word Count: 1381
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Henderson describes addiction as a "brain disorder that some people are more prone to develop because of genetic, psychological or environmental risk factors" (11). There are also long-term health consequences from heavy smoking, binge drinking, heavy marijuana use and cocaine use. In addition to cancer, liver cirrhosis, and loss of memory function, addiction leads to several debilitating side effects ... parent or sibling has diabetes, then the individual is at a slightly greater risk for contacting the disease (About.com). Environment factors also seem to play a role. Researchers have ...

• Word Count: 653
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... pairs) who were then interviewed to evaluate drug and alcohol use and dependence and related psychiatric circumstances. The dizygotic twins did not take part in the interview part of the study. The results of the experiment showed that the monozygotic twins who showed signs or were already addicted to a certain drug was a result from the environment they lived in. It was ... influences on drug abuse such as Cadoret et al, 1995, where it was shown that when it came to males, there was a direct pathway to drug addiction, genetically speaking9. In a study focusing mainly on female drug add...

• Word Count: 1017
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a large amount of organizations have actually endorsed medical access to marijuana. These include: the institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Family Physicians; American Bar Association; American Public Health Association; American Society of Addiction Medicine; AIDS Action Council; British Medical Association; California Academy of Family Physicians; California Legislative Council for Older Americans; California Medical Association; California Nurses Association ... also had tried cocaine, but by 1994 only 14 percent of marijuana users had gone on to use cocaine. "There is no e...

• Word Count: 2154
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of involvement in illegal activity are increased because drug users may not participate in the legitimate economy and are exposed to situations that encourage crime (ONDCP 2000). The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) conducts an annual National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) that questions numerous people living households about their drug and alcohol use and their involvement in ... violations, [along with] more than [nine] times likely to be arrested and booked on assault charge[s]" (ONDCP 2000). Where punishment often fails, appropriate and high-quality drug tr...

• Word Count: 2815
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... ) for the same reason. The federal government also controls the amount of nicotine and other additives in cigarette and cigar manufacturing, in an effort to lessen their risk to public health. The same tactic could be used on marijuana. The "harmful" effects of marijuana usage are the number one reason for it's restriction. These effects, however, are disputable. As early as ... marijuana be decriminalized. Since that time, the NAS (National Academy of Sciences) Institute of Medicine, the Federation of American Sciences, the Australian Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health...

• Word Count: 1707
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of female gang members came almost exclusively from male gang members (Short and Strodtbeck, 1965). However, male gang members may be indulging in their own fantasies. In a recent study, male gang members told researchers that group sex was an initiation ritual for female gang members, but female gang members dismissed the idea as ludicrous. Male gang members claim ... between incarcerated Kings and gang members still on the streets. The number of immigrants is increasing in Latino communities, and immigrant gangs are forming in a number of cities. A study compared Mexican American, imm...

• Word Count: 2737
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 3). The first step to decide if something can be considered a drug is to evaluate what defines a medicine. A medicine is defined as, "The scientific study of the prevention of and cure of diseases and disorders of the body- (Ehrlich 552). Numerous actions could be considered disorders of the body, such as sleep ... react in a bad way towards conflicts. When marijuana was smoked it relaxed the people and gave them a positive mood (Cohen 178). In another study done in the Bahamas where marijuana is not used as much, admissions to mental hospitals for alcoholism were 55%. In Jamaica were mar...

• Word Count: 1279
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... steadily rising levels of alcohol and other drug use since 1992, but levels of use have not returned to the peak rates reported in the 1980's (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 1998; Johnston, O'Malley, and Bachman, 1998). Youth are beginning to use alcohol and other drugs at earlier ages, and use increases steadily with age ... by female delinquents is not available. There was a sharp increase (45 percent) in drug offense cases in juvenile court between 1991 and 1995 (Stahl, 1998). In the Monitoring the Future Study (Johnston, O'Malley, and Bachman, 1...

• Word Count: 872
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... each along with the details and specifications of each. Alcoholic patients who are physically dependent often have to be detoxified - helped through withdrawal to limit their suffering and protect their health. The withdrawal symptoms - tremors, nausea, dry mouth, sweating, numbness, weakness, and depression lasting a few days to a week - can be eased by substituting a safer sedative drug ... high blood pressure, and chest pain. The combination of disulfiram and alcohol can also produce cardiac symptoms and liver inflammation. That makes disulfiram unsuitable for people with serious heal...

• Word Count: 878
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... States' third most consumed drug behind alcohol and cigarettes seems ludicrous to most Americans yet more than half of Californians find it ideal. Although the consumption of cannabis may cause health hazards, criminal punishments, and motor impairments, an active social reform is underway in hopes of optimistic outcomes influenced by Washington's and Colorado's movement. The Prohibition era ended decades ... cultivators in any state despite the tenth amendment's permission to legalize cannabis under state law (Federal Marijuana Law - Americans for Safe Access). Scientists are hindered ...

• Word Count: 1412
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate