... the most controversial issues in our world since the seventeenth century. Edward Augustus Freeman stated, "The awful wrongs and sufferings forced upon the innocent, faithful animal race form the blackest chapter in the whole world's history." In the United States, it is estimated that twenty to seventy million animals including cats, dogs, primates, rabbits, rats, and mice suffer and ... take decades. About 40 years of research using monkeys, rats and mice led directly to the introduction of the Salk and Sabin polio vaccines in the 1950s. So we ask ourselves again, how do we weight the ...

• Word Count: 981
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and not a "false fusion" of two domains that cannot be brought together. Yet when Gould gives his own views in the final chapter he goes beyond strict adherence to the NOMA principle. He makes statements that appear to be supported by science, but I suggest they ... pattern of evolution looks less like a uniformly growing tree than like a sprawling bush whose tangled branches grow in many directions and often die off. Nevertheless evolutionary history shows an overall trend toward greater complexity, responsiveness, and awareness. The capacity of organisms to gather, store ... a valuabl...

• Word Count: 7861
• Approx Pages: 31
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate