... thicker than they actually are results in a conservative design. The SPT is a dynamic test and does not directly measure static soil properties. More importantly, the energy applied to the sampling system is rarely calibrated in practice, and can vary by a magnitude of 3 as documented by several researchers. Energy variability causes significant error to any numeric interpretation of SPT results. With ... of the in-situ stresses as hollow stem augering, and thus more representative N-values can be obtained using mud rotary methods. Today's spoon has an inside diameter to accommodate a l...

• Word Count: 769
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate