... repression to assure their survival. Modena, for example, was a full-blown police state where education was controlled by the Jesuits and where Jews were persecuted. In Parma the Archduchess Marie Louise (Napoleon's widow) allowed the duchy to be run by her Austrian advisors. Here universities were suppressed for encouraging freedom of thought. In the poverty stricken and backward Papal States, conditions ... stricken region and had a tradition of bloodfeud and violence. The foreign domination of Italy kept its people in poverty. Even by the middle of the 19th century there was very lit...

• Word Count: 1479
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate