... commentary of a modern Urtext edition), other historical and/or modern recordings, historical treatises and documents, score analysis, and writings on performance issues (historical and modern). Response Beethoven's "Sonata for Cello and Piano op. 69," was composed in 1806-1807. Dedicated to Baron Gleichenstein, a cellist of limited merits, the work provides useful insights into Beethoven's expectations of cellists in ... 1850 enabled performers to shift into higher positions and exploit the higher register of the instrument, cultivating greater uniformity of tone. Secondly, as John Moran...

• Word Count: 1498
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... emotion was tailored to give worship more magnetism. However, Baroque music was different in many ways because although the music was customized for churches, certain instruments and voices depending on there sound were objectives when the composers wrote the music. In this era, instrumental technology ... is sonata. It is instrumental music that combines different instruments to play with or against one another. A trio sonata is two high joined parts for oboes, flutes or violins played over a bass or bassoon. Because the violin was technologically improved and modernized as a solo instr...

• Word Count: 927
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Performing Music "The etymological affiliations of "perform" lie with the old French perfournir, "to furnish or supply." And performers, indeed, furnish music, bring it to consciousness, in a profound sense ... many incarnations as performers and performances, each one distinctly different. A responsible performer must intimately understand each piece he will perform, not only the notes on the page, but its historical background. Several things must be understood before one can perform a piece successfully. First, a performer must analyze ... understand the historical context of the piece. W...

• Word Count: 1249
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... slow, and medium. Italian terms used in musical notation denote more than a dozen different tempos, which included allegro, moderato, and lento. Within the changing meter of rhythm, song notes of various pitches were intertwined. Tone color (timbre) distinguished the sound and characteristics that separated one instrument or voice from another. The classical era between 1750 and 1820 was defined ... Enlightenment, which began earlier in the eighteenth century. Following the scientific and intellectual advances of the previous century, thinkers such as Voltaire, Diderot, Locke, Jefferson, ...

• Word Count: 1406
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate