... four Mule loads of silver, as mentioned on page fifteen of the introduction of Johann Burchards diary. Additionally, Johann Burchard, the Conclave's Master of Ceremonies and was a leading figure under Pope Alexander VI's reign, furthers the proof of Rodrigo's simony by saying that the 1492 conclave was a particularly expensive campaign. (Burchard, 53) Even though Burchard does not go out and directly say ... wealth and his own greed. The sale of indulgences was disapproved of by previous Popes, but became more of a more common practice after the reign of Pope Alexander VI. Therefore ill...

• Word Count: 2887
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the years surrounding the Reformation. As such, the ground was fertile for a backlash. The poor moral example started at the very top. For example, Pope Alexander VI (1431-1503) was known for throwing orgies in the Vatican. Alexander VI is most well known for fathering a child by his illegitimate daughter, Lucrezia Borgia and actually appointed his illegitimate son (Cesare Borgia) to the College ... 16th century. Sixtus IV (r. 1471-1484), for example, appointed 6 nephews and grandnephews to the College of Cardinals and appointed an 8-year-old boy as Archbishop of Lisbon. Leo X (the pope ...

• Word Count: 2755
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate