... was strengthened by this polarization of the two camps: The Alliance and The Entente. The various treaties thus "provided the framework within which the diplomacy of the pre-war years was conducted." Thirdly, Joll analyzed pre-war militarism and strategic planning. Germany, militaristic, had increased its naval program enough as to lead to "a radical change in British strategic thinking." The British were involved ... militarism was aiming at increasing the draft term, whereas the Russian military recovery from the 1905 loss to the Japanese was "alarming the Germans". All major powers ha...

• Word Count: 4114
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... iron & steel industry failed to exploit new appliances and production methods as extensively and rapidly as did its overseas competitors in the decades leading up to the First World War. Neither demand constraints, raw material costs, nor the efficiency of inherited practices warranted this neglect of innovations that others employed with profit, and the industry paid the ... background. Sons from industrial business backgrounds quickly disavowed them, and the public school became a breeding ground for army officers and civil servants, not engineers and entrepreneurs. `Oxbridge` fostered...

• Word Count: 3250
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate