... was the second son of an aristocratic Piedmontese family. Born in Turin when it was under French control, he was sponsored in baptism by Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camille Borghese, after whom Camillo was named. Both Camillo and his older brother Gustavo were initially educated at home. Whereas Gustavo, as the first son could expect a position in the ... was the second son of an aristocratic Piedmontese family. Born in Turin when it was under French control, he was sponsored in baptism by Napoleon's sister Pauline, and her husband, Prince Camille Borghese, after ...

• Word Count: 2136
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... major powers of Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria sat down at the Congress of Vienna to restore the continent to its pre-revolutionary status. The leading spirit of the conference, Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria, was clever in his dealings with France and through smart usage of his military came out of the war as the main victor. Metternich also ... persuaded the other victorious nations to hold the conference in Vienna, Austria's capital, to gain more advantage. The foreign minister of France, Prince Tallyrand, was also an intellectual man, dedicated to France, and through...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... forced a crossing in the way of artillery fire. This cost Christian 2,000 men and most of his cargo. Cordoba and Tilly claimed victory; they were unable to stop the Brunswick prince. This battle was mostly very meaningless .The Protestant army was almost equal to the Catholic army who had more than 25,000 troops they withdrew to the west side of ... be completely victorious and dreams of an empire united under a Catholic Church had to be abandoned. The Peace of Westphalia recognized the sovereignty of the separate German princes. One German prince, the Hohenzollern Elector of Brandenbur...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... encounter between French Ambassador, Vincent Benedetti, and Prussian King, Wilhelm I, was a powerful catalyst of the war. The two diplomats met unofficially to discuss the succession of the Spanish throne. Prussian Prince Leopold was a candidate. This was unacceptable to the French, who feared encirclement of Prussian influence. Shortly after the Ems Dispatch was released to the public, France declared war on Prussia ... ...

• Word Count: 1097
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of wealthy merchants dominating politics in several Italian city-states. Furthermore, following the return of Medici in 1512 forcing him into exile, a diplomat notably known as Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince in 1513. 7 His lectures became a political guidebook in advising rulers, where he believed that being politically effective outweighed morality. In addition, England and France became unified under strong monarchs in ... ...

• Word Count: 1153
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... peace of the community remained unbroken. Jean Bodin's work 6 Books of the Commonweal 1576 originated a theory of modern sovereignty when he argued that "the first and chief mark of a sovereign prince" - the power upon which other people depend - was that he must be able to make law without consulting anyone else. His legislative authority must be subject to no one else ... ...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , Germany, and Russia) in 1881. This was difficult by the flaming Russian-Austrian relations in the Balkans, leading to the Bulgarian crisis of 1886-87 and the taking away of Prince Alexander. When the Three Emperor's Alliance broke down, Bismarck negotiated the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887. The Reinsurance Treaty was a masterful success. Bismarck considered it necessary to keep the ... ...

• Word Count: 765
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate