In 1850, The Fugitive Slave Act was passed, it forced law enforcement and ordinary citizens with severe fines if they failed to assist in the capture of runaway slaves when the suspicion could be based only on written claims. ... The court passed vagrancy laws, which allowed police to imprison any black man that was unemployed. ... In 1857, the ruling in the Dred Scott case, the court ruled that black people could be property, not citizens. The justice system refused to protect African-Americans for many years and continued to pass laws that violated our freedom after emancipation. ... A...

• Word Count: 1138
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In the United States, American Slavery consisted of African Americans who were brought into America for property and violently forced to work in large or small plantations. ... Slaves are considered property because they were black and labeled as subhuman. To enforce the status of blacks being property, white owners would use inhumane violence as a form of punishment. ... She knew Rufus would try to physically abuse her but made a stop to it, she said, "I would never be to him what Tess had been to his father- a thing passed around like the whiskey jug at a husking" (260). Dana would...

• Word Count: 1077
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Early Monday morning, 21st of March 1960, Africans throughout the nation gathered within their towns at the request of Robert Sobukwe, the PAC leader, to protest against the pass laws. The pass laws demanded that every African carry a passport containing information about their employment, criminal record, residential address and areas they are allowed to be in, to name a few. ... In Sharpeville, the estimated five thousand African protestors marched through the streets towards the police station without their passes, chanting campaign slogans such as "Izwe lethu" (Our land); "Awaphele ampasti...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Two laws have been passed to facilitate integration. ... In 1974, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act was passed to address discrimination of blacks in accessing credit. ... At the same time, improvements could also raise property prices, which would displace blacks who can no longer afford to live in the community (Kennedy & Leonard, 2001; Vigdor, 2002). ...

• Word Count: 1640
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

White workers did not see themselves as property to be owned, and did not want others to associate them as such. ... The historian John Tosh writes, "most of what pass for the 'facts' of history actually depend on inference," and I agree. ...

• Word Count: 1029
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Through persistence, African Americans were able to pass the Civil rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Immigration and Nationality Services Act of 1965, along with many more legal achievements1. ... With this type of organization and purpose, black fraternal groups were able to pass the 15th amendment on May 19,1870 which allowed freed slaves the right to vote. ... In response, the white fraternal groups tried to pass legislation to outlaw black fraternal groups, attacking African American rights. ...

• Word Count: 3545
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Ward believes "the Emancipation Proclamation stands as a monumental landmark in the advancement of liberty1" In contrast US history writes, "the search for equal rights was far from over with the passage of the 14th Amendment2" as the Supreme Court did nothing to ensure that the 14th Amendment, which stated that no "State [should] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property,3" was made a meaningful reality. ... Rather, he once told a black audience that there "must be a position of superior and inferior.4" James A Rawley clarifies this stating that ...

• Word Count: 3529
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate