... shirts in Italy and the brown shirts in Germany. Italian fascism, in adopting the old Roman symbol of authority (the fasces), looked back to the days of the Roman Empire, which controlled much of Western Europe. This was a direct attempt to restore the glory days of the Holy Roman Empire. The Italians were anxious to wipe out the shame of Caporetto and to gain the ... ...
... , these groups formed the base of Mussolini's fascist movement. (The word fascism derives from the Latin fasces: an ax surrounded by a bundle of sticks that represented the authority of the Roman state. The Italian fascio means "group" or "band.") In 1919, Mussolini drafted the original platform of the Fascist party. It had several surprising elements, such as ... , library building, paid vacations for workers, and social security. In 1929, he settled Italy's sixty-year-old con- flict with the Roman Catholic Church. He signed a treaty that granted independence to the papal residence in th...
... began to support the Communists. Mussolini set up the Fascist Party and posed as a strong man who could sort out Italy's problems. He promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire. Mussolini organised armed gangs, called the Blackshirts, who dealt with troublemakers and criminals. they also broke up strikes. In some cities, Bologna for example, the Fascists were the police force ... a means of improving productivity and avoiding industrial disputes. Contrary to the regime's propaganda claims, the totalitarian state functioned poorly. Mussolini had to compromise with big busine...
... , by the time Hitler became Chancellor it had 50000 members and by the end of 1934, Schirach, the Youth leader, had succeeded in bringing under his control all but the Roman Catholic youth groups. The Hitler Youth was an attempt to coordinate the young although membership was not compulsory until 1939, when it became part of National Service. Hitler, Goebbles and ... nobility of creating an Aryan child. Clearly although the Nazi's theories on women and motherhood were barbaric, sexist and racist they were ultimately necessary for the creation of a 1000 year empire. By 1934 the DFW and NS...
... , by the time Hitler became Chancellor it had 50000 members and by the end of 1934, Schirach, the Youth leader, had succeeded in bringing under his control all but the Roman Catholic youth groups. The Hitler Youth was an attempt to co-ordinate the young although membership was not compulsory until 1939, when it became part of National Service. Hitler, Goebbles ... nobility of creating an Aryan child. Clearly although the Nazi's theories on women and motherhood were barbaric, sexist and racist they were ultimately necessary for the creation of a 1000 year empire. By 1934 the DFW and NS-F ...
