In Charles Dickens' novel, "A Tale of Two Cities," the character, Madame Defarge, is used to enhance the disturbing entity of the French Revolution. Dickens uses Defarge's evolution as a character to emotionally connect the reader to the Revolution, as her personal life parallels the story of the French people as a whole. The pain and betrayal caused by the French aristocracy sparked a desire for revenge in Madame Defarge, ultimately leading to a merciless, blood-thirsty mind-state. As Defarge ... is killed, and the pique of her violence is at the outbreak of the Revolution. When Madame Defar...

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... cities and transportation systems also gave the western societies distinct advantages over their eastern neighbors when discussion is focused on the industrial revolution. London is a prime example. In 1540, England boasted a population of approximately 3 million, and was a relatively developed country; most of its wealth was concentrated in so-called "shires." London, even then, was the focus of growth. It was the leading center of economic activity, and dominated the rest of the ... system. Bibliography Works Cited Barker, Theo. "London and the Industrial Revolution." History Today 39...

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... mean streets, flashing neon lights, and low key lighting. Story locations are often in murky and dark streets, dimly-lit apartments and hotel rooms of big cities. [Often-times, war-time scarcities were the reason for the reduced budgets and shadowy, stark sets of B-pictures and film noirs.] Narratives are frequently complex and convoluted, typically told with flashbacks (or a series ... following a murder. After a double-cross, she was frequently destroyed as well, often at the cost of the hero's life. The First Film Noirs: One of the first detective films to use the shadowy, nihilistic n...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate