So how does one make the decision to get genetically tested? ... Most importantly, genetic testing provides knowledge. ... Genetic testing alone can be very costly. ... A test for Huntington's disease can cost anywhere from $315 to $1,500. ... According to CNN, someone living with survivor's guilt may develop post-traumatic stress disorder and depression that may lead to death. ...

• Word Count: 1193
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For instance, animal testing for determining the safety of products, such as cosmetics testing. ... But before a particular medication or treatment is offered to the human trials or other creature, scientists will utilize laboratory animals to test their safety and effectiveness, if the testing is initially successful, then the drugs will testing on the human as well due to It is considered more humane to do medical testing on animals first, then on humans, and human life is considered more precious than animals. ... As a result, vaccines have helped improve both animal and human health beca...

• Word Count: 3743
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The vaccine to polio was developed by Jonas Stalk in and was first tested in 1952. Polio is a serious illness that is caused by a virus and can cause an inability to have little to none movement in a person's arms and legs and can initially cause death. ... Cervical Cancer is the second leading death by cancer in women after breast cancer. ... The vaccines were created in 1977 and involved the testing of rabbits; the first two vaccines were available in 2006 after an abundance of test and research. ... Chemical testing is exactly what it sounds like, testing while using chemicals in bea...

• Word Count: 578
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

It is used in some cases to understand the cause of death of an individual and scientists use animal testing to gain understanding to the cause and treatment of many common ailments. ... Safety testing grew out of other forms of testing. ... As a result of Clioquinol being administered to the public, some 30,000 cases of blindness and/or paralysis and thousands of deaths occurred. ... The most common type of alternative methods are: in-vitro tests, computer software, databases of tests already done (to avoid duplication), and even human "clinical trial" tests. ... Testing of animals is cruel ...

• Word Count: 1294
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Animal Testing/Experimentation: Why not? ... There are six main reasons for animal testing. ... If it wasn't for animal testing we would have fell victim to even more deaths. ... Moreover, while animal testing improves or advances the life of human beings, animal testing also benefits animals as well. ... This is all due to the outcome of animal testing (Kim 160). ...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Animal testing is an unnecessarily cruel and inaccurate process that should not be used to test cosmetic products and new drugs today. ... The LD-50 test, which stands for Lethal Dose-50%, means that out of all the animals tested on, 50% of them died. ... Another regularly used test is the Draize test of which there are two common types: skin and eye irritants. Guinea pigs are the most commonly tested on animal for the Draize test. ... Some people are so in opposition of animal research that they create a will stating that after their death, they want their bodies donated to science. ...

• Word Count: 1740
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If these symptoms were present before the death, the bereaved report an increase in occurrences after the death. ... Prolactin is a hormone that is produced by the pituitary gland and levels can be tested through the blood. ... Research has found that context of how the person died is just as important as the death itself. Men are more sensitive to the conditions surrounding the death then women. ... Although the evidence is not overwhelming, it is perceived that men fair worst after a death. ...

• Word Count: 2465
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Vaccine tests, and other lengths, such as safety reports, are held to ensure the health of the general public. ... "Approximately 30,000 VAERS reports are filed annually, with 10-15% classified as serious (resulting in permanent disability, hospitalization, life-threatening illnesses or death" (CDC). ... The VSD can be used for research and can advance into ideas or new tests that can help better the vaccine to eliminate some of these illnesses that follow. ... Vaccines are tested for a range of two to three years or even more. Tests that determine the safety of vaccines have to be ...

• Word Count: 986
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The damage that is caused by Meniere's disease is hair cells death and mechanical changes to the ear. ... However, there is no definitive test or single symptom that a doctor can use to make the diagnosis. ... Some doctors will perform a hearing test to establish the extent of hearing loss caused by Ménière's disease. ... All patients underwent a standardized history and physical examination, a complete auditory-vestibular test battery, and a set of physical therapy tools to measure balance function. ... Once the acute fluctuating symptoms of Meniere's were control...

• Word Count: 1725
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Another key factor that has played a recent role in capitol cases is DNA testing. This testing only became available in the early 1990's due to advancements in science and technology. If DNA testing had not been discovered there are several cases where innocent people would have most likely been executed. ... (Death). ... The odds are high that if DNA testing had been available in earlier cases some individuals from the 70's and 80's would have most likely been proven innocent. ...

• Word Count: 2030
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"Magical Death" is just one of anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon and ethnographic filmmaker Timothy Asch's collaborative projects that document the lives and culture of an indigenous Lowland South American society in Venezuela. ... Magical Death, made in 1973, portrays Yanomami shamans causing a trance through taking psycho-active drug "ebene." ... In a review of the movie for American Anthropologist in 1975, Eric Almquist noted that Magical Death "is a testing ground for cultural tolerance, a test which most of us would have to admit failing" and refers to its "visual brutality" (pp. 179)....

• Word Count: 1121
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Black Death first spread through India then appeared in Tharsis, and then continues to spread to Muslims, Christians and Jews. ... Although, Yersinia pestis was found to be the cause of the Black Death it was a variant of the disease and can only be found in medieval ancient DNA. ... Many question the exact reasoning for this disease and how it was spread; I believe that a great deal of people brought it upon themselves for the spread of The Black Death. ... Even though I don't believe the Black Death was a genetic cause, I do believe that this disease left a mutation on the DNA of t...

• Word Count: 628
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The dependant variable for their study was the peoples attitudes toward the death penalty. They labeled those who favored the death penalty for a criminal convicted of a murder with a "1". Those who opposed the death penalty or who did not know were labeled or coded with a "0". ... Although support for the death penalty has changed between 1974 and 1998, for the most part 70% of the GSS interviewed during this time reported that they favor the death penalty for criminals who commit murder. ... Not just about peoples views on the death penalty, but how the scientists go about creating a hyp...

• Word Count: 823
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

James Liebman released the first phase of their study on the death penalty in the United States. ... In the early 1970's, the chief argument in favor of the death penalty was its assumed deterrence of crime. ... Unfortunately, retribution is a non-empirical justification and thus makes it impossible to test with empirical data, making the calculation of how much punishment a criminal "deserves" more of a moral issue than of a legal one (Radelet and Borg 2000). ... The article alone does not provide enough evidence that the death penalty system is flawed. ... The slight downward trend ...

• Word Count: 1333
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Parents want healthy babies, doctors encourage them to get tested, and some genetic tests are being marketed too early. Genetic testing has enormous benefits but it is overused and misused" (Eatimathas). ... This may induce a laissez-faire approach to prenatal genome testing and the unnecessary death of a child based on mistaken interpretations of their genes (Beware the Destiny Test). ... Testing showed that Waldroup had a high-risk variation of the gene and this evidence was used in his trial and helped him to evade the death penalty (Bradley). ... S Food and Drug Administration and g...

• Word Count: 2071
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No experiment should be conducted when there is an a priori reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects. 6. ... Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities provided to protect the experimental subject against even remote responsibilities of injury, disability or death. 8. ... During the course of the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he has probable cause to believe, in the exercise of good faith, superior ...

• Word Count: 2725
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Imagine your mother as an old woman: She has not been feeling well, so she goes into the doctor's office for some tests. ... Knowing that, it is seemingly appropriate to say that one has the right to die an easy death if and only if he is terminally ill. ... However, the doctors refuse because to turn off the machines would surely result in his death, and they have a presumed bias against doing this. ... According to an article written by Humphry Wicket entitled "The Right To Die- he states no one must "underestimate the bearable level of pain in the periods between doses of medication ...

• Word Count: 1003
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Drug testing on animals is inaccurate and does not benefit humans or animals at all. ... This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day. ... Fewer accidental deaths caused by drugs and treatments would occur if stubborn bureaucrats and wealthy vivisects would use the more accurate alternatives such as 1. ... This is obvious proof that testing on animals is unreliable, but sadistic tests still go on every day. ... Fewer accidental deaths caused by drugs and treatments would occur if stubborn bureaucrats and wealthy vivisects would use...

• Word Count: 1554
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Disturbing repots of miscarriages, stillbirths, birth defects and death among the babies conceived by the returning soldiers have also emerged. ... Stroke is a dominant cause of sickness and death. ... Moreover, animal tests have a dubious record in predicting useful drugs to combat the effects of a stroke. ... Furthermore, as Dr.Sharpe states: "the leading cause of deaths in patients suffering form sub arachnoid hemorrhage is cerebral vasospasm, a condition in which the blood vessels in the brain constrict. Human cerebra blood vessels, obtained within twenty-hours of death, have been used to ...

• Word Count: 2170
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The best way to prevent murder is to use the strongest form of punishment which is the death penalty (Arguments for and Against the Death Penalty). ... The outstanding issue is not whether the death penalty prevents every murder, but rather, whether some murders are deterred by the death penalty. ... Some opponents of the death penalty have argued that death penalty is cruel and denies the person the right to life. ... The death penalty is the maximum punishment, there would be nothing left to do to deter future crimes if the death penalty applied to prisoners who became old. ... Therefore, th...

• Word Count: 2386
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These are reasons why nuclear testing should be practiced but there are also reasons why this testing is harmful in many different ways. On the other hand, peace should not involve the testing and construction of nuclear weapons that cause mass destruction and death throughout the world. ... Every single year people and animals arrive at their death from the pollution we have caused. ... It eventually gets into the grass and corn and then into the bones of human beings and animals only to linger there until death" ("Contaminating the Environment"). ... Nuclear weapons testing are ultimat...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Justice O'Connor concurred, but pointed out that Oklahoma's death penalty statute set no minimum age at which the death penalty could be imposed. ... In both cases, the Supreme Court upheld the death penalty sentence. ... The Stanford plurality rejected the third part of the test, namely, that the punishment is disproportionate to the severity of the crime and makes no measurable contribution to the deterrence of crime. ... There are currently 83 death row inmates (all male) sentenced as juveniles constituting about 2.25% of the total death row population. ... - They are on death...

• Word Count: 2175
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It is estimated that one and a half million E's are taken every weekend (mostly in teen dance clubs) and although Ecstasy is commonly considered to be a 'safe drug', very few reports of bad trips, and only about 50 Ecstasy related deaths last year (which is very slim in comparison to other drug related deaths), it is speculated that the number of deaths caused by the use of Ecstasy is on a rise and will be at an all time high by the end of the year. ... Regardless of what Ecstasy looks like, you cannot determine its contents without running a test on it. Ecstasy testing kits a...

• Word Count: 2149
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Evaluation of Damage Evaluating Traumatic Brain Injuries: Traumatic brain injuries are one of the highest preventable causes of death and disability. ... From total recovery or permanent disability to death, treatment plays a major factor in the decision. ... Testing A neuropsychologist conducts many different tests to show at what capacity one's brain can accomplish. The neuropsychologist tests the limits of the brain, and most neuropsychological tests involve answering or performing different tasks. Some of these tasks test for attention span and memory, others test for language and spe...

• Word Count: 2384
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In January 2000, thirteen innocent people were discovered on death row. ... Death is permanent, forever, and irreversible. Forensic evidence is now much more scientific with the use of DNA testing. ... Unfortunately, many states do not offer DNA testing, and little evidence is available. ... Although many scientific methods have been advanced, such as DNA testing and forensic studies, witnesses are still regarded highly although their memories may have been traumatically distorted, or they may just be plainly lying. ...

• Word Count: 977
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• Grade Level: Undergraduate