... make war, and protect its citizens from attacks by other states. The ruler, therefore, is justified in doing whatever is necessary to maintain the country, even if it is unjust. On the other hand, Plato argues a ruler can never be unjust. In spite of the fact, Machiavelli is greatly influenced by the Greek and Latin classics, and by the bible, he takes a critical stance in dealing ... not of moral character, but of what is best or the utilitarian needs of the State. Virtu is characterized by its flexibility because the ruler is given the prerogative to mold it in consonance to a given s...

• Word Count: 4508
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... between its members, or any peoples related by treaty would form a single city; in this way, Aristotle rejects the minimalist conception of the function of a city described by Glaucon in Book II of Plato's Republic and later endorsed by Epicurus and by Hobbes. Rather, the function of a city is to enable the citizens to live well, and this requires the development in them and the reinforcement of virtues of thought and character ... , through the educational system and through its laws. [COMMENT: Aristotle ... ...

• Word Count: 1587
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... discussed and argued concepts of political science, sociology, and philosophy. Democracy as we know of it today was not completely established until the 17th and 18th centuries during the Age of Enlightenment. During this time the Declaration of Independence followed by the U.S. Constitution were created. Democracy was meant for a structured government with a separation of powers, had basic civil rights for citizens, ... freedom of religion and the separation of church and state. The concept justice was created by the theories of John Rawls and Amartya Sen. Justice is composed of differ...

• Word Count: 821
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate