... These seveners hold Aga Khan as the current Imam. With the absence of the twelfth Imam, Shi"a Islam was forced to find leadership. Unlike other major religions, in Islam there is no intermediary between the believer and God. Though this is the case, Shi"a Islam found ... spiritual leaders in the ulama. The ulama consists of Muslim scholars, judges and legal advisors who study and implement Islamic law. During the European Dark Age, life in the Islamic sphere of influence flourished economically, spiritually and scientifically. Though different regimes controlled the area at times, most ...

• Word Count: 2157
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... correspondence shows clearly that in negotiating with Britain, the Sharif consciously adopted the language and terms of nationalism. In a sense, he chose an idiom that was especially comprehensible to European sensibilities. Hussein began his first letter, 'While the entire Arab nation without exception is determined to assert its right to live, gain its freedom and administer its own ... the Hussein-McMahon agreement that the British promised the Arabs the Palestine land after World War I in exchange for the Arabs help to fight against the Central Powers. However, unlike the perce...

• Word Count: 1892
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , we know more about Egypt than about Mesopotamia, even though the latter was in most respects more important and richer in subsequent heritage.   Basic Patterns Of Egyptian Society Unlike Mesopotamia and the Middle East, where an original river-valley basis to civilization ultimately gave way to the spread of civilization throughout an entire region, Egyptian civilization from its origins ... some time before 3200 B.C. economic development accelerated, in part because of growing trade with other regions including Mesopotamia. This economic acceleration provided the basis for the format...

• Word Count: 2162
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate