... people. To be sure, the move toward economic reform came about as a result of a "changed domestic and international environment, which altered the leadership's perception of the factors that affect China's national security and social stability" (Xu 247). But Shirk feels that, in those pre-Tienenmen days, such a move came about also as a result of an attempt by CCP leaders to demonstrate, in a more ... to question China's sincerity in its desire to have a favored trade status with the United States. Indeed, just in the past few days, it took a last-minute lobbying campaign by President ...

• Word Count: 6375
• Approx Pages: 26
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Board of Revenue, Board of Rites, Board of War, Board of Punishment, and Board of Works. The structure of local government was also intricate, with provinces divided into prefectures, subsequently divided into counties, townships, and villages. The county magistrate had to govern a vast area with scarce resources ... tests I can think of nowadays last no more than 6 hours, while these tests of traditional Japan lasted for up to 3 days. This is something that is very respectable in the system that was present back then because if one can pass the rigorous exam, ... there is intentional ...

• Word Count: 1506
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... been accosted by revolution and internecine conflict, warlordism, foreign invasion, and chronic calamities like drought, flood and famine. Excessive inflation during the last days of Nationalist rule had arrested commerce and destroyed confidence in the financial system. Dams, irrigation works, and canals had fallen into disrepair, and railroad lines had been cut and recut by contending armies. ... The population, having suffered enormous casualties as a result of war and natural disasters, was disheartened, famished and ... territory, Communists strove to consolidate their own position...

• Word Count: 4353
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate