... makes a distinction between parents and other classes of people. As seen in New York Times article "Paid Parental Leave: Who Gains?"" many supporters of paid parental leave say it ''would benefit the economy by reducing absenteeism and the need for new parents to go on welfare'' (par. 10). Perhaps. But what ... time with their academic pursuits "and while having someone else pay for it, e.g. the employer and/or the government." Yes, a new mother needs time to recover from the physical stress of giving birth, but students also need time to recover from challenging academic exams, so, ......

• Word Count: 1366
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... addition to following a domestic propaganda program aimed at diluting internal problems. Konrad Jarausch pursued a conciliatory explanation of Germany's Chancellor, Theobald von Bethmann, and his immediate pre-war decisions. In the article "The Illusion of Limited War", Jarausch described Bethmann as an optimistic politician who was "hoping for a breakthrough." The Chancellor supported Austria but, considering Britain's silence, believed in a localized European ... days before and the troops were already proceeding towards their initial objectives. A war in 1914 might have been prevent...

• Word Count: 4114
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... are currently negotiating about these matters at Intergovernmental Conferences that are held on a regular basis. Representations of the governments of the Member States are required to agree unanimously before any new addition to the existing Treaties can be concluded. If this is accomplished, a Declaration is written and published, signed by the presidents of the all the Representations. Of course, these Treaties ... democratic legality". Articles 3(1) can be regarded, when embracing the view that was expressed by the German Constitutional Court, as a denial of the power a European Con...

• Word Count: 2086
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... were being reinforced. As a third factor, outside forces also intervened in the practices of Shi"a towards conflict and violence, by using to their advantage the failure of a new consensus within the Shi"a community(Picard 1996,190). The question whether Hizbollah represents the whole of the Shi"a community remains unanswered. However we know very well that violence against ... , 1994, p.153-183. Moss, David, "Politics, Violence, Writing: The Rituals of "Armed Struggle" in Italy", The Legitimization of Violence, New York: New York University Press, 1997, p.83-128. Picard, Elizabeth, "Th...

• Word Count: 2417
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and other features of the Versailles Treaty, as well as the fear of a revived Germany, prevented normal foreign relationships from developing. Several factors had undermined popular support for the new republic, while within the constitution itself, lay avenues for the seizure of absolute power. Hitler was appointed Chancellor in January, 1933. Once Hitler had the power of Chancellor, he ... caused by these reparations payments had spread themselves throughout German society. The Weimar constitution was actually very democratic. Proportional representation meant that everyone in Germany...

• Word Count: 2027
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 1948 as an answer to the catastrophe of the world wars and the Holocaust. After Germany's defeat in WWI, Hitler's government envisioned a vast, new empire of 'living space' (Lebensraum) in Eastern Europe. Firstly, the Jews of Germany were subjected to a series of discriminatory laws, including the Nuremberg ... 1935, in which the Nazi revoke Reich citizenship for Jews and prohibit Jews from marrying or having sexual relations with persons of German. The article 15 of the UDHR states that everyone has the right to a nationality. link it to one of the articles that talks about the right .....

• Word Count: 973
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... produce gradations of sounds. Even though this new invention attracted little attention at the time (because of the existing popularity of the harpsichord), the piano would captivate the world in the years to come. Cristofori made only two pianos before he died in 1731, but an article was written about the new invention, and the article made it's way to Germany. There, ... an organ-builder named Gottfried Silbermann read the article and became fascinated with the idea of a modified harpsichord . Additionally, Silbermann had recently seen a performance dedicated to Louis ... than early ...

• Word Count: 1185
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... monetary reparations to be paid by Germany to the allied powers for damages suffered during the war. The treaty also incorporated article 231, known as the War Guilt Clause, which formally placed the blame of the Great War on Germany. Article 231 had a profound effect on German psychology because Germans felt they were at no more fault than any other party involved ... . The final article of interest was known as the Rhineland Demilitarized Zone, which made Germany remove all troops within a thirty mile belt of the border with France. The Nazis gained fuel for their ... , and the revoca...

• Word Count: 937
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... produce gradations of sounds. Even though this new invention attracted little attention at the time (because of the existing popularity of the harpsichord), the piano would captivate the world in the years to come. Cristofori made only two pianos before he died in 1731, but an article was written about the new invention, and the article made it's way to Germany. There, ... an organ-builder named Gottfried Silbermann read the article and became fascinated with the idea of a modified harpsichord . Additionally, Silbermann had recently seen a performance dedicated to Louis ... than early ...

• Word Count: 1126
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... nations is formed. This treaty basically stripped Germany of everything though.. They were blamed for every thing and ordered to pay the entire cost of the war (Article 231, 232) and they were given limits on divisions and men in their army (Article 160). They are ordered to give all lands they acquired back including the area of Alsace-Lorraine to France ... (Article 49). In John Maynard Keynes" Economic Consequences of Peace, he points out many problems with the agreement: German Industry will dismantle because they are forced to pay reparations; Germany wouldn't ... ...

• Word Count: 1063
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , like most other global powers did, Hitler set goals of autarky and self "sufficiency," which included complete independence from international trade. This autonomy forced the German people to invent new and improved ways to produce materials and become more efficient. Also, Germany proposed a network of bilateral trade agreements that was designed to somewhat unite a politically divided Europe. Through this ... . In A History of the Modern World, R.R. Palmer described Hitler's regime as, "A huge single slab of rock in which no particle had any separate structure "4. His metaphor shows ...

• Word Count: 2251
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... them to invent a trial format which they deemed would appear as fair as could be constructed given the post-war circumstances (www.courttv.com/nuremberg/legacy.html). However, in a lengthy article published in 1946, Judge Charles Wyzanski Jr. discussed the legal ramifications of trying and condemning individuals for crimes committed by a nation. He stated, "it is sometimes said that there is ... for future world justice dispensation, Nuremberg served its purpose. It became the model for future world criminal tribunals and the criticisms it engendered were taken into account in establish...

• Word Count: 2850
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Stated in the conference. The president, Woodrow Wilson, was a sort of idealist who saw the post-world war as a way to build a new and more peaceful world. Even if he also, in less degree than France and Great Britain, wanted to punish Germany, Woodrow Wilson clearly saw the ... Pacific. Most of them were transferred to the League of Nations which allowed the victorious powers such as Britain, France, Belgium, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Japan to rule over them as Mandates-(3) Finally, Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria, as a consequence of its alliance during the war ...

• Word Count: 1665
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... can be seen through military restrictions on Germany, economic reparations, and the war guilt clause. One way the Versailles Treaty treated Germany harshly was by putting military restrictions on them. Article 160 in the Treaty of Versailles when talking about Germany's army says, "The total number of military troops in Germany must not exceed one hundred thousand .The total effective strength ... brought Hitler a reason to take over and later cause the Holocaust. The final way the Versailles Treaty treated Germany harshly was by the War Guilt Clause. A piece of evidence is Article 231 ...

• Word Count: 551
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... reads like a fast-paced journalistic account of a heated political debate/rally with all the muckraking, name calling, conflict that would be expected in politics, let alone a museum exhibit. Accompanying the article about the Exhibit are accounts of scores of commentary in the form of numerous magazine articles, anthologies, essays, and books. The object of issue driving the heated debate is the ... ...

• Word Count: 874
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... would go to the Soviet Union. $20,000 million (as proposed by Stalin) accepted as the sum of reparations for future discussions. The third part of the agreement amended Article 12a of the Surrender Terms for Germany as follows: "The United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics shall possess supreme authority with respect ... London. Stalin originally wished to merely enlarge the committee by offering offices to a few exiled and formerly prominent Polish citizens. Both the American and British delegations wanted to establish a new provisional ...

• Word Count: 3287
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... time. Within his introduction to part two of The American Jewish Experience he reveals how the German-Jew grew, settled throughout the country, establishing new places of worship and most importantly "reshaped the American Jewish community along new lines" (Sarna,41). How can an oppressed group of peddlers create such an impact on American Jewish history? It is easy to create an ... of economic betterment" (Sarna/Meyer, 61). With this idea being the driving force of so many people immigrating to a new country there was no doubt that they would have a big impact on the culture of their r...

• Word Count: 755
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... at the expense of the National Party, the People's Party and the Democrats. The blame cast upon the Weimar Government, also known as the "November Criminals" focused disfavor towards the new constitution, thereby allowing increased support of Hitler and the Nazi Party. Popularity for the Nazi party and the 'super man' Hitler swelled allowing them the opportunity to encourage the marginalization ... profitable, and made sure he was known as the 'man for the job'. Bureaucratic policies of presidential rule also influenced the failing of the Weimar government. Through the enactment of Arti...

• Word Count: 2982
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... even later in the Allies' lenient policy towards Hitler. Helping this even further was the fact that the constitution was very democratic. Making the new German republic very much like the former enemies of the First World war would make it a lot easier for the allies to relate and ... within the government. This was worsened by the increasingly polarised political allegiances of the voters. Another constitutional weakness was the inclusion of the controversial Article 48 - the emergency powers to issue presidential decrees without consulting parliament. Although they was used wisely to s...

• Word Count: 2083
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... we to be concerned with the rate of growth of total income or of manufacturing output? Above all, by what standards do we assess `failure` or `success`?" Derek Aldcroft` s article, `The Entrepreneur and the British economy, 1870-1914 published in 1964 spearheaded the broad indictment of the British entrepreneur (2) . A/ They failed to adopt the best available techniques of production ... and routine which suited the employees and owners, who in turn were content to maintain the level of profit with minimum outlay. This consequently stifled innovation, re-investment in new technology an...

• Word Count: 3250
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... financial statements must stipulate which accounting principles have been applied and provide a commentary on accounting, valuation, and consolidated methods that deviate from German rules. The listing on the New York Stock Exchange has been, for many German corporations, associated with a heavy and costly requirement of such standards which has deterred them from following this path. Several, however, ... by its former members in 1949. In the ensuing 16 years following the end of the war, the diverging professional regulations of each Lãnder were replaced by a new law regulating the pro...

• Word Count: 1649
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... relatively easy for small parties to gain seats in the Reichstag. Ministers were technically responsible to the Reichstag, but the president appointed and removed the chancellor. Perhaps most important, Article 48 allowed the president to rule by decree in an emergency. The constitution thus permitted a temporary presidential dictatorship. Beyond the burden of the Paris settlement and these potential ... constitutional pitfalls, the Weimar Republic did not command the sympathy or loyalty of many Germans. No social revolution had accompanied the new political structure. Many important pol...

• Word Count: 722
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... many problems and opposition, as the people of Germany were beginning to come to terms with one of the greatest political changes in their history. When the constitution for the new Weimar Government first became effective in August 1919, there were already critics of it's content. This caused immediate problems for the Republic - not only did the criticism highlight flaws in ... start. People criticised the Republic for giving too much power to the President. He had the power to appoint and dismiss the Reich Government, and could dissolve the Reichstag. Under Article 48, he could also ...

• Word Count: 740
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... French and jointly declare war on the Dutch Republic (Document 6: Treaty of Dover, 1670). This alliance led to many portions of the Dutch Republic disappearing, such as the New Netherlands which became New York, and the claiming of the Spanish Netherlands and Franche-Comte by the French because of certain rights that were alleged due to the marriage of Louis XIV with the ... showed that the once prominent Republic was no longer existent (Document 7: Resolution of the Amsterdam City Council). As an attempt to preserve the crumbling Republic, William of Orange resorted to a new manipulati...

• Word Count: 763
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... have been running down since 2001. In all, growth is expected to accelerate in 2003, though the risks are currently on the downside." (Germany Quarterly Forecast Report) According to an article by William Parks, titled "Bumps and Jolts On the Cultural Road" the attitudes and beliefs of Germans differ from ones of Americans. Germans have a lot of expectations of themselves in ... Southern Germany, comprises of Old High German, which wasused from the 8th to the 11th century, Middle High German, used from the 12th to the 15th century, and Modern or New High Germany, the language of Luther'...

• Word Count: 1319
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate