... would be the Modernists and the traditional Islamists and their viewpoints. Further, I will identify different measures taken by the leaders of the Pakistani State, such as Ayub Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to secularize the country, their motives behind their actions and the reasons leading to their respective failures. In my conclusion, with the help of my arguments, I will evaluate the ... on August 14th 1947, has witnessed a number of leaders. Civilian and military leaders in the past have attempted to reduce the influence of religion in politics. Ayub Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto w...

• Word Count: 2688
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... his proposal. Also missing at the time was a name to describe such a South Asian country where Muslims would be masters of their own destiny. That task fell to Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a young Muslim student studying at Cambridge in England, who best captured the poet-politician's yearnings in the single word Pakistan. In a 1933 pamphlet, Now or Never, Rahmat ... Ali and three Cambridge colleagues coined the name as an acronym for Punjab, Afghania (North-West Frontier Province), Kashmir, and Indus-Sind, combined with the -stan suffix from Baluchistan (Balochistan). It ... ...

• Word Count: 857
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... somewhat contemptuous about the role of politicians in the country and terms the decade of 1990s as 'the dreadful of sham democracy'. Strangely enough, while former Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's negative features were brought into focus, his brilliant leadership was wholly ignored. Moreover, the dissolute ways of General Yahya Khan were glossed over. President Musharraf has turned highly critical ... ...

• Word Count: 810
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and provincial levels naturally urge former to unite with civil-military bureaucracy to extract some power from federal and provincial representatives. Similarly after power hungry, strong federal government of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Zia ul Haq succeed to gather the support of nationalists by virtue of which strong MRD movement failed to dent his hegemony. Five years of PPP, after the dictatorship ... ...

• Word Count: 775
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Muslim League to proclaim that areas in which Muslims were the numerical majority, there should be independent states in which the constituent units should be autonomous and sovereign(Metcalf). Mohammad Ali Jinnah claimed that Muslims in India are not a minority--rather a nation and must have their own homelands, territory, and state(Metcalf). The gain for mass support for the 'Pakistan movement ... ...

• Word Count: 2116
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the nation's power structure. They hence began demands for a separate nation for themselves. In 1906, these Muslim elites formed the Muslim League which would later be led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a former member of Congress and future first prime minister of Pakistan, pledged loyalty to the British and urged them to divide India. The League rationalised its demand on the ... ...

• Word Count: 1651
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in local government all over British India. Thus the idea of the separateness of Muslims in India was built into the electoral process of India. Muslim leaders led by Mohammed Ali Jinnah felt that the Hindus, by dominating the Indian National Congress, were beginning to dictate decision making in British India. The policies and interests of the British in India were ... ...

• Word Count: 2672
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate