... Where there is mass civil protest such as was seen in London in 2011 and Ferguson in 2014, questions of race, class, gender and other intersectional socio-political categories come to the fore. There is often an opposition between those who riot and those who oppose the rioters, ... the riots. Rather than slipping through this gap, in the case of London and Ferguson such intersectional figures often became highly important to the events and the discourse which surrounded them. This kind of discourse demonstrated the central opposition in both the London and the ... rioter. Thus Lewis (2...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the maximum amount of work from [slave] women of childbearing age while remaining confident that no damage was done to her reproductive organs was a guessing game that few white slave owners wanted to play or could afford to lose." Because there were limited objective measures readily available to verify health complaints and claims of pregnancy, it was very common for a slave women ... to use the aforementioned excuses to reduce her workload. Moreover, infanticide, abortion and use of contraceptives were also forms of ... of their experiences as individuals. This is reflected in work w...

• Word Count: 1150
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Clark, in his book Dark Ghetto, comments on the negative effects seductive cultural deprivation theories exert on institutions. Of the American educational institution he writes: "To what extent are the contemporary social deprivation theories merely substitution notions of environmental immutability fatalism for earlier notions of biologically determined educational unmodifiability."(p 17) Although the ... to multiracial coalition building exist across ethnic and racial lines. Of foremost importance, however, is that each division within the disadvantaged class recognize that its partic...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... status both as African Americans and as women. Third is the observation that, historically, African American women have escalated their political activity progressively, moving from a predominance of nontraditional activity to a predominance of traditional activity, and have emerged as prime users of these traditional avenues in contemporary American politics. As enslaved African females they were the victims of dual oppression, ... one issuing from race and the other from sex. Subjected to the slave status ascribed to their African male kin, they were further victimized by a body of hos...

• Word Count: 486
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... (Christopher, 1994, 65).The apartheid government would further strengthen this act by making black individuals in South Africa citizens of their ethnically designated homelands and therefore foreigners to white South Africa to further instigate racist policies . Homelands would initially spark concern by capitalist constituencies of agriculture and mining since it was believed that it would lock away labor into ... creating a cycle of temporary migrancy and Bantustan living (Wolpe,1972,436). This example showed how big capital used the racist institutions such as the Bantustans in their ...

• Word Count: 2088
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... understanding of ways to transform consciousness that are linked to efforts to transform structures While it is important that individuals work to transform their consciousness, striving to be antiracist, it is important for us to remember that the struggle to end white supremacy is a struggle to change a system, a structure For our efforts to be truly effective, individual struggle to change consciousness must be fundamentally linked to collective effort to transform those structures ... build coalitions and create change, one must confront their own personal pains - this begins the he...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate