... & Peterson, 1999). In this setting, the policies were defined as "a school or district policy that mandates predetermined consequences or punishments for specific offenses" (Kang-Brown et al., 2011). In 1994, as a response to this widespread fear of juvenile violence, and violence in schools, the Clinton Administration passed the Gun-Free Schools Act, further ... future delinquent behavior and additional suspensions. This contradicts the first assumption of deterrence, demonstrating that harsh punishment is not an effective means of preventing re-offense (Skiba et al., 2006). Additional ...

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