... largely overlooked by political scientists, who have tended to focus primarily on those actions that conform to the more restrictive definitions of politics. Utilizing extant social science literature and recent survey research findings by political science scholars, the quest for African American political man will encompass a historical overview in which traditional and nontraditional political actions will be examined. The first ... carry unwanted children to term and helped others who were so inclined, became runaways whose acumen and skill were cited as unique and superior to those ...

• Word Count: 486
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... which the clean-up operation was constructed in gendered terms, as well as in certain figures of media attention such as Pauline Pearce, a 45-year-old woman who stood up to rioters and thereby earned the media soubriquet the Heroine of Hackney. The opposition of female, matriarchal and maternal peacekeeping with masculine, youthful aggression and violence is one which the media ... in Britain employed in its coverage of Pauline Pearce. This gendering of the riots emphasised feminine domesticity – the protecting of homes and places of work – ... on the whole, black' (Birbalsingh, 20...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... "race," stating, "-white supremacy" is a much more useful term for understanding the complicity of people of color in upholding and maintaining racial hierarchies that do not involve force- (Hooks , 1995). She claims that "white supremacy" is a better phrase than "internalized racism" in describing the absorption by black people of negative attitudes typically held by white people about blackness. "White supremacy" ... the Eurocentric stereotypes internalized by Native and African Americans. In attempting to include whites in such a coalition, it would be necessary for whites to give u...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... within white South Africa where pass laws dictated the basic movement of black labor. The pass system despite it having age old roots within South Africa from the early days of colonization to control the movements of slaves took a new form in the few years before apartheid and during apartheid. The governments justification for pass laws where various , Herbert Cooke a government spokesmen articulated that the ... pass system was for benefit of the native should he loose contact with those ... ...

• Word Count: 2088
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... unacceptable. For this reason an examination of racism in America as an obstacle to multiracial coalition building is essential. The author identifies two types of racism-biological racism and cultural racism. He states that hardly anyone today would endorse biological racism, that is, a categorical belief in the biological inferiority of African-Americans. Old, rejected theories of biological inferiority ... policies as college admission quotas or job hiring and promotion strategies designed to achieve equal outcomes, most white Americans approve of such opportunity-enhancing affirmativ...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... European explorers to make the case that white people used African women's bodies as an apparatus to "convey an emergent notion of racialized difference." For instance, in the mid-seventeenth century Englishman Richard Ligon wrote of the black women he encountered on his travels as having monstrous bodies, with breasts that "[hung] down below their navels, ... motherhood gravely circumscribed their lives. This was illustrated by enslaved women's compromised ability to run away, where breastfeeding and general concern for her offspring greatly limited a mother's mobility. However, mothe...

• Word Count: 1150
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate