... distributing agreements (Fig 3). The allied firms seek to conduct business activities collaboratively with the view of achieving mutual benefits that are unattainable separately (Kale & Singh 2009). In the current business environment, common strategic alliances include franchising, mergers, and joint ventures. Fig 1 below gives an overview of various conceivable inter-firm collaborative relationships that can ... of typologies of the alliances. Yoshino and Rangan (1995) suggested three key types of alliances, namely joint ventures, minority equity alliances and nontraditional contracts....

• Word Count: 1513
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... word development. These are economic development, which is usually directly linked to economic growth; social development, where the redirection of poverty and inequity are important and an increase in employment necessary; political development, which tends to look at the extent to which a country is considered to be democratic from a Western perspective; and cultural development which relates ... been done on an article titled "Caribbean: The threat looms large," done by Wesley Gibbings on September 14, 1999. Social Development Officer in the Caribbean Office of the United Nations Econo...

• Word Count: 1068
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... of the United States. This change has prepared China to join the world economy. Any policy maker not working with China will be excluded from the largest single event in the development of the world economy. Yet one must examine why China is becoming economically developed. Major reasons for China's economic development are its use of cheap labor, ... government officials are provided to enliven local economies. Essentially, many local governments now act as if they were the headquarters for local territorial corporations. The pervasive role of officials in local entrepreneurships has n...

• Word Count: 570
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... are greater possibilities for self-interested interventions. The opportunities for influence costs to arise also expand. Divisionalization of the overall conflict into many small, intra-division conflicts reduces the prize in each conflict and hence the marginal return to influence activities. On the other hand, Divisionalization adds an extra round of wasteful conflict, as the divisions must first compete for ... " fight on behalf of their divisions and the members of each division collectively fight for a greater divisional share. As fighting for a greater divisional share is a public ...

• Word Count: 512
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... life and economic activity – has had both a positive and negative impact on the economic development of the Vietnamese economy. Economic growth – measured by the annual rate of change in GDP - is a fundamental factor to an economy's economic development as it determines the ability for people to satisfy their material wants and thus, determining their quality of life. Since ... goods (such as petroleum and agriculture). Thus, the presence of global businesses, and the subsequent creation of new export markets, has allowed for aggregate supply to expand, fuelling economic growth in t...

• Word Count: 1293
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Korea, Taiwan, and China resulted from such reforms. Even the felling of fragile forests has been slowed, as happened during the 1980s with the now-aborted Sandinista land reform in Nicaragua. In contrast, when reforms gave only poor quality land to poor families and failed to support them with favorable policies, credits, and access to markets, or failed to alter the ... give up farming. A second important cause of the failure of agrarian reforms is the scant attention paid to the history and cultural traditions of agricultural societies, which has often resulted in a prejudice in favor...

• Word Count: 2958
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... encouraging industrial development. For example, a location that is easily accessible by road will attract industry and hence increase the value of the land; similarly existing property will increase in value with improved road accessibility. Undercharging for the use of road transport increases the individual benefit obtained by commuting from more isolated locations suggesting that undercharging makes urban services, ... jobs and lifestyle available to those living in rural areas. This has the added effect of increasing rural property value, but also allows companies to locate outside ...

• Word Count: 1664
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Graduate

... encouraging industrial development. For example, a location that is easily accessible by road will attract industry and hence increase the value of the land; similarly existing property will increase in value with improved road accessibility. Undercharging for the use of road transport increases the individual benefit obtained by commuting from more isolated locations suggesting that undercharging makes urban services, ... jobs and lifestyle available to those living in rural areas. This has the added effect of increasing rural property value, but also allows companies to locate outside ...

• Word Count: 1664
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Graduate

Review on the film: Garden of Forking Paths: Dilemmas of National Development This video exposes various issues on the modern-era development of the countries, politics and economies of Latin America. The main focus of the video is on the Latin American country of Argentina. It explores this nation's quest to become a developed nation as it retells the story of its ... of a serious economic depression during the mid 1970s and which now booms as the leader of a more progressive Latin American economy. It does this by exploring the period of time in which Peron ruled an economically unstable c...

• Word Count: 400
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... her analysis by stating that human development is intrinsically important towards the sustainability of economic growth because the improvement of people's health, education and nutrition will lead to an increase in their human capital, an improvement which can raise the people's productivity thereby will be able to contribute towards the generation of a higher GDP of the country's economy. Developmental aid ... as a factor that undermines the institutional quality by encouraging rent seeking and exacerbating corruption and income inequality in less developed countries. Many developmen...

• Word Count: 1491
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

The Social Sciences The social sciences deal in rational ways with human nature, our thoughts and feelings, our behavior, our relationships with one another, and the factors that affect and influence us ... and other ways of life. Our basic customs, of human development, of human social relations, and of the economic, political, social, and cultural systems in which we as individuals live. They encourage the growth of community participation and responsibility by increasing our awareness that we are complex beings who exist as members ... of many communities, both small and large such as fam...

• Word Count: 292
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Graduate

... communications technology do not always lead to greater trade or business relocation. The internationalization of economic activity in Europe first took off in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, with the development of new shipping technology that led to Spanish colonization of Latin America. However, the Chinese had developed better and more sophisticated technology much earlier but did not choose to ... states had any right to political authority over their colonies). Ideological justification for colonialism was based on the false idea that Europeans were colonizing an empty space...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate

What is Economic Development? Economic development can be illustrated as the sustainable process of developing and preserving apposite economic, social and political environments, in which economic opportunity is created for all citizens, business investment is enthused for the private sector, and public revenue base is diversified (Allen and Thomas: p40). With regards to these ... ). Besides, reference to the economic, social and political environments underlines the fact that economic development does not ensue in a vacuum. The economic, social and political aspects of life intermingle in i...

• Word Count: 280
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Economic Crisis With Argentina mired in its largest economic crisis in history, a proposed devaluation of the currency that for 10 years has been Latin America's strongest was given an approval by the Argentine Congress allowing the government to sharply devalue the currency in the midst of a deepening ... economic crisis due to the default on its $142 billion national debt which ended the country's 11 years old peg of the peso to the US dollar. Argentina embraced US-style capitalism and adopted US-backed economic reform in ... the 1990s in the form of a fixed-currency system and unbrid...

• Word Count: 506
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Until recently, consumers have seldom been concerned with healthy menu alternatives when choosing to dine in the fast food industry. As of lately, changes in consumer demand, sparring from America's recent obsession with obtaining the perfect body, have influenced purchasing decisions when it comes to fast food. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999-2000, ... 30.5 percent of all adults in the United States are currently obese. With obesity becoming a growing concern in the United States, as well ... with Bob Greene, Oprah's personal trainer, who will edu...

• Word Count: 1489
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... the predictable role assumed by the world's major economic and political power with the breakup of its principal adversary in the Soviet Union of old. However, as Lipset warned just before the term Globalization began to be familiar to people throughout the world, America's economic history is one which has encouraged what Engels referred to as, "the purest example of bourgeois society ... experience of adjustment for those who are often least adaptable or without choices as to how they earn a living. An overall result has been an increase in homelessness as it has been more familiar in...

• Word Count: 3222
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... an essentially harmless drug with barely any serious long-term effects to the mind or the body. The only clear long-term effect of smoking excess marijuana is the increase in the possibility of obtaining lung cancer. However, this is still far more unlikely than one who smokes cigarettes, which have been legally recognized by the Canadian government for generations and ... to think that people should be given permanent criminal records and lose numerous employment and education opportunities for the simple fact that they have a criminal record stating that they were in possession of a s...

• Word Count: 357
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Graduate

... The challenge was to promote and apply a policy that reduces the crises among the countries. The core mission of IMF is to secure the stability of the international monetary system in three ways, which are keeping track of the global economy and the economies of member countries, lending to countries with balance of payments difficulties, and giving help to members. The ... IMF also provides loans to members countries who are in need of financial assistance. The IMF helps its part nation outline financial arrangements and deal with their monetary undertakings all the more viably by forti...

• Word Count: 524
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... -development approach instead focuses on the local and regional development looking at ethico-political decisions, not just structural imperatives. This would include recognizing what is already in place in the area, emphasizing relations rather than the logics of development, and building upon the economic interdependence of individuals and groups. They particularly point out the success ... Escobar. He also highlights the evolution of post-development discourse from simply criticizing the development mechanism to actually providing solutions, which have had some profound effects in Lat...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate

... actions of its supporters to further that convergence. Largely championed by the Reagan administration and Margaret Thatcher's government, the neoliberal principles that shape SAPs gained prominence in the IFIs in the 1980s. The neoliberal philosophy of economic development revived the old precepts of economic liberalism, which hold that an unregulated free market and private sector are the ... political systems. The emphasis placed by SAP on increased export can hasten the destruction of ecosystems by accelerating extractive enterprises such as a timber, mining and fishing industries. ...

• Word Count: 1434
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... growth, business development and generate government revenue. Communities will benefit from improved quality of life and well being through lower greenhouse emissions, lower particulate emissions, higher efficiency in electricity generation, lower residual waste, lower prices, less nuclear power and less air pollution problems. Australia's proximity to the Asia Pacific Market provides Gorgon with transport cost ... as well as a secure share of the growing LNG market in Asia and North America. The Gorgon project will meet the need for clean energy in today's market place; it will enhance ...

• Word Count: 2008
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate

... to stabilize employment. However, such contributions were rare and market stabilization did not become a topic of serious economic analysis until after Britain introduced national unemployment insurance in 1909. This disinterest in business cycle stabilization reflected both the economic profession's conviction there was little that intervention could achieve and a disinclination to concede capitalism was inherently unstable and needed governance ... of these practices but believed that even the best of traditional managers failed to fully realize their potential capacity to stabilize pro...

• Word Count: 853
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , and caught amid social and political wars, Africa has not adapted well to the changes thrust upon it by colonial rule. But while historical events have played a significant role in condemning Africa to poverty and underdevelopment, African leaders themselves have also failed to own up to their leadership responsibilities. A factor contributing to Africa's inability to manage itself effectively is ... these exports at market prices at the behest of the global marketplace; and also, as a direct result of colonialism, African economies are not reliant on indigenous manufacturing or industr...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... , and caught amid social and political wars, Africa has not adapted well to the changes thrust upon it by colonial rule. But while historical events have played a significant role in condemning Africa to poverty and underdevelopment, African leaders themselves have also failed to own up to their leadership responsibilities. A factor contributing to Africa's inability to manage itself effectively is ... these exports at market prices at the behest of the global marketplace; and also, as a direct result of colonialism, African economies are not reliant on indigenous manufacturing or industr...

• Word Count: 917
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Graduate

... telephone and telegraph, electronic components, instruments for measuring, photographic equipment, medical instruments and supplies, and athletic equipment). More than high technology is involved in an information economy. The largest sectors in rank order are health and medical services, banking and credit, insurance, education, telephone and telegraph, research and development, and advertising. Information technology manufacturing ... ; deficits for all government entities; pressures for protectionism; and particularly, loss of technological leadership and preeminence. To ensure positiv...

• Word Count: 757
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate