... such as in the case of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. In terms of Gellner's comments on the importance of education and literacy, Guibernau has argued that in the early stages of industrialism, which correspond to the first expressions of modern nationalism found in the late eighteenth century, literacy was only important amongst managers and clerks. Thus Gellner's description of ... the hold of national ideals. For this purpose, Smith analyses ethnies, or ethnic communities, in great detail. He argues that the ideals of popular participation and autonomy pioneered by middle class in...

• Word Count: 3295
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Graduate