Liberal thought values individual freedom and tends to be optimistic about the potential for mutual gains in human interaction, including under globalization. ... Globalization has helped to reduce transport and transaction costs so the potential gains from specialization are increased. ... Fundamental to all, however, is a considerable skepticism concerning the liberal emphasis on mutual gains from economic interaction. Marxists concentrate less on efficiency gains (though many accept these may take place) and focus more on how changing production provides new kinds of economic power that can...

• Word Count: 7309
• Approx Pages: 29
• Grade Level: Graduate

Article Reviews As editor of the book, "Exploring Post-Development," Aram Ziai provides an introductory look at the discussions of post-development theory, taking a cursory look at the various arguments for, or against, post-development. Ziai expertly delivers an overview of the post-development movement, having arisen in the 1980s as a response to the dissatisfaction with the concept and practice of "development" already in place. Ziai more or less defines this movement as placing an emphasis on alternatives to development via grassroots, local and regional movements. Alongside su...

• Word Count: 3546
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Graduate