... can be seen in the treatment of a system undergoing a random walk. Here, if the system is located at a given point at a given instant of time, there is a 1 in N chance that the system will move in one of N possible directions. In particular, if the system can only move on a line, then if ... it is located at a given point x at a given instant of time t, then there is a 1 in 2 chance that it will move to the point ... x-1 or x+1. Eventually, if one plots the frequency of the system being at certain points x as a function ... quantum computation, wherein the interaction between the system...

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