... and the indigenous peoples alike. Brazil was initially home to approximately two and a half million indigenous people, a number that was quickly reduced to near zero by smallpox, measles, and the inhumane labor forced upon them by European colonists. The majority of these Brazilian colonists hailed from Portugal, with large numbers also migrating to the colony from Italy, Germany, and Spain. In ... they were subdivided accordingly. The white population was divided according to origin, with the Spanish immigrants being labeled either peninsulares or criollos. Peninsulares, or colonists b...

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• Grade Level: Graduate