... in the spirit of enlightenment, Indigenous societies, and in fact, "any living reminiscence of olden times, not only nomadic antiquity but all the more of the pre-patriarchal stages, was most rigorously punished and extirpated from human consciousness." The modernist classic Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, offers a critique of modernity by breaking down the terms in which European thought distinguished ... much that can be done to redress the abysmal situation, for example, Indigenous control of Indigenous culture, a self-sustaining and independent economic base, political empowerme...

• Word Count: 596
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... de Saussure, a Swiss linguist who has been hailed the "founder not only of linguistics but also...semiotics"#, based his theory on a linguistic model that has been employed by most structuralists. The basic linguistic model, composed of "signifiers" and "signifieds", is an effective tool in approaching performance analytically. Saussure placed specific emphasis on the role of language as the ... in the historical period the play was originally performed in, audience reactions ranged from vehement outrage to simple disbelief. Yet, not all modern society would take such a lax view as popul...

• Word Count: 1406
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... promoted "universal emancipation." There have been various theories regarding nationalism in the present day, although it seems necessary within the confines of this essay to concentrate on three of the most prominent and interesting analyses. The first of these is the "modernist" theory outlines by Ernest Gellner, who argues that nationalism was uniquely a theory of the modern world and was ... " time when they were excluded from the labour force. Gellner's assumptions about industrialism can also be criticized. Nationalism exists, and has existed in many non-industrial states, and, fur...

• Word Count: 3295
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: Graduate