... as white defendants serve for violent offenses-a result largely attributed to biases in federal statutory penalties for offenses involving crack versus powder cocaine (Mauer and King, 2007a). Understanding why, how, and under what contexts defendant race affects sentencing decisions is crucial to addressing such disparate outcomes. Since the early 20th century, scholars have grappled with ... sentencing outcomes, race continued to have a modest, but statistically significant effect. That is, racial differences persisted, and this persistence is difficult to understand especially once leg...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate