... than theoretical. The methodologies involved in early studies were weak, and when theoretical explanations were offered, they often entailed unsophisticated notions of individual prejudice and racial discrimination. For example, Thorsten Sellin (1935) conducted simple comparisons of the average length of sentences given to black, native-born and foreign-born white male prisoners within very broad offense categories. ... question whether they have reduced disparities at all (Tonry, 1995). While it seems that the most overt forms of racial and ethnic discrimination have been reduced-for e...

• Word Count: 2620
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... those pessimistic of coalition building in favor of an ideological vision that captures and highlights commonalities and basic core values and attitudes irrespective of race. The author offers as a historical example of an effective multiracial political coalition The Industrial Areas Foundation originally founded by Saul Alinsky in an effort to organize Chicago's marginalized poor. Today there is a national network of IAF ... the divisive components of current affirmative action programs such as racial setasides, quotas, etc be replaced by what he characterizes as "affirmative opportun...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate