... the Middle Ages - contained different political entities with a strong base of hierarchical, parallel religious or secular concepts of subordination and dependence, such as the Italian city-states and the Holy Roman Empire. It was the Peace Treaties of Westphalia of 1648 at the end of the Thirty Years' War which marked the birth of the state system and acknowledged the individual sovereignty ... of the empire's states (Schreuer, 1999; p1). After the Peace of Westphalia, two legal rules of "immunity from jurisdiction" and "immunity of state agencies" were taken to uphold the national sov...

• Word Count: 1818
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... . Kennan explains his ideas in a manner which the average college level student could understand, but does it in a sophisticated manner, which is refreshing. Kennan compares American security ideas to the Roman Empire because Americans had a sense of security and superiority that had not been seen in the world since those times. He compares American ideas and situation in 1950 versus American ideas ... ...

• Word Count: 1225
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Graduate