... are the ones of Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador. These countries have all been victims of authoritarianism, caudillsm, weak party systems, constitutional problems, corruption, and other factors that together derive their current political situations. Therefore, in order to comprehend their present political conditions and their effect on society we need to analyze the different trends ... , in August 1988. Whereas Febres Cordero, a millionaire businessman from Guayaquil, had advocated a free-market economy, strong executive control, and close alignment with the United States, Borja, a so...

• Word Count: 2250
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Graduate

... Japanese state meant that the role of the military and imperial court could easily outweigh that of civilian government, any serious questioning of the social order was crushed without mercy, and any liberal measures that were passed 'were accompanied by others that seemed to point in the opposite ... common people in general had no political consciousness and tamely followed the government's policy of expansion on the Asiatic continent.'30 Indeed, Japanese social values of obedience to authority and respect of hierarchy were so historically entrenched in mass consciousness that ideas...

• Word Count: 2458
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Graduate

... non ideological compared with the West's clear differentiation of left wing and right wing views. Indian political discourse has focused on specific policy measures and client patron relationship between social groups and political parties. This reflects an underlying consensus amongst all political parties of a secular, democratic republic. Second, Rudolph and Rudolph have analysed the role that traditional ... for inclusive growth. Development has to be balanced with the need to protect the interests of sizeable minorities. Democracy has a protective value in the context of persistent t...

• Word Count: 797
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Graduate

... which are fair and promote equality between the citizenry. Inclusion in this case will also be understood as a response, either positive or negative, to the above listed factors from the citizenry, shifting the countries accordingly on the democratization scale. Therefore establishing the voters' discontent or satisfaction with their position in the political process of democratization. ... depends on the quality of governmental accountability. As O'Donnell (1998) suggests, governmental accountability relies on both vertical which involves voters taking part in elections to voice their s...

• Word Count: 2022
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Graduate