... exclusion from the normal channels of access to civic life, African Americans and women, their political behavior has been largely overlooked by political scientists, who have tended to focus primarily on those actions that conform to the more restrictive definitions of politics. Utilizing extant social science literature and recent survey research findings by political science scholars, the quest for African American ... as prime users of these traditional avenues in contemporary American politics. As enslaved African females they were the victims of dual oppression, one issuing from ra...

• Word Count: 486
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... I will study trends in the modern historiographical trajectory of this once scholarly and socially peripheral demographic. Initial literature on enslaved black women analyzes stereotypes constructed of African women brought to the new world. Published in 1972, "Reflections on the Black Woman's Role in the Community of Slaves", by Angela Davis, discusses ideological origins of the black slave ... woman's characterization as aggressive and matriarchal by white scholars. Davis claims that although the black woman performed jobs that "expressed the socially conditioned inferiority of women&q...

• Word Count: 1150
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

Hooks justifies her use of the term "white supremacy" as opposed to "racist" when describing the institutionalized oppression based on "race," stating, "-white supremacy" is a much more useful term for understanding the complicity of people of color in upholding and maintaining racial hierarchies that do not involve force- (Hooks , 1995). ... their own pain caused them by others" racism and white supremacy. To effectively build coalitions and create change, one must confront their own personal pains - this begins the healing process on multiple levels. When considering "racism" to be the bel...

• Word Count: 608
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Graduate

... operation was constructed in gendered terms, as well as in certain figures of media attention such as Pauline Pearce, a 45-year-old woman who stood up to rioters and thereby earned the media soubriquet the Heroine of Hackney. The opposition of female, matriarchal and maternal peacekeeping with ... to the crisis – becomes of intersectional importance because it demonstrates the complex inter-space between the simple dichotomy formed in the discourse on the riots. Rather than slipping through this gap, in the case of London and Ferguson such intersectional figures often became highly imp...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate

... that its particular condition evolved, not in a vacuum, but derivative of forces affecting the enitre class as a whole. The idea of a national multiracial coalition lobbying big government on behalf of all economically disadvantaged Americans is an objective with which I most certainly agree. In South Bronx Rising, Jill Jonnes provides us with historical examples of the positive influence similarly ... is always a potentially divisive issue. Whites generally see affirmative action as preferential to African-Americans and discriminatory to white males. As neither group is likely to compro...

• Word Count: 1618
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Graduate

... contrast with Capitals interest of profit making the Apartheid government's goal was that of the creation of a "white" South Africa, a racially segregated society that vouched for separate development on both macro and interpersonal levels (Christopher, 1994, 65). The National party's notion of separating race groups was helped by pre-apartheid policies called the native land acts of 1913 and ... these Reserves was not the only major contributor to a pool of cheap black migrant labor but the economic systems within the Bantustans themselves. The Bantustan economy was one primarily center...

• Word Count: 2088
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Graduate