... of goverance of a Muslim people should incorporate religious laws. In the 16th century, and the beginning of what we consider to be the modern age (1492), three great Muslim empires were established: Ottoman empire in Asia Minor, which wielded substantial world power until after World War I; Safavid Empire in Iran (the major Shiite nation); and the Moghul empire on the Indian subcontinent. In all, religious leaders played prominent, official roles, particularly ... , particularly western nations. French brought science and Enlightenment ideology to Egypt, which clashed with the beliefs o...

• Word Count: 3937
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

... in the rest of the world. These developments had an impact and reaction in countries like Pakistan. The Cold War for example had a huge impact. The third Communist International called upon the Muslims of the east to rise up in holy war against British imperial power, using the word "jihad-. 60 years later, the west called upon the Afghans to fight a jihad against the Soviets. These are the debates and ... operations. For example, by allowing militants to run loose in Kashmir, Pakistan ties up Indian troops on the border without having to spend a great deal of capital. While this strateg...

• Word Count: 3350
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... and Religions: Recording the history of other nations and religions. Al-Tarajem and Tabaqat (Biographies and Classes): The lives of famous people who affected policy, war, and commerce, etc. Al-Hawleyat: Al-Hawleyat are the books dealing with history in annual sequence. Al-Tabari and Al-Massoudi, and Ibn Al-Atheer followed this system. The only defect in it is the ... , Beyond-the-sea countries, India, China Tatars countries, and Middle Africa. He wrote (Tuhfat Al-Nozzar fi Gharaeib Al-Amsar wa Agaeib Al-Assfar) which was translated into Portuguese, French, English, and German as well. He...

• Word Count: 3556
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School