1. The Long-Term Effects of 9/11
... Abdul-Aziz University, both in Jeddah." It is possible to summarize some of the explanations on the causes of the 9/11 attacks. Radicalization resulting from the Afghan Jihad is a major concern. Following the Afghan war with the Soviet Union, the radicalization of Arab militants began. This led to the founding of Al Qaeda in 1988. This aimed to establish jihad in ... to believe that their kind of jihad was meant to protect Islam. Selective reading and interpretation of the Quran coupled this. In his book, Bernard Lewis argues that after the Afghan-USSR war, problems in the Middle East w...
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