1. Egypt and Mesopotamia: 4000 to 3000BCE
... In the Old Kingdom the pharaohs were gods. In the Middle Kingdom they were the sons of G-d. They believed in many gods such as the sun god Ra and the Nile in the New Kingdom making them polytheistic. They had religious temples called ziggurats and pyramids where pharaohs were buried with all their life belongings for a beneficial afterlife. In contrast, the Mesopotamian city-states were led by kings and ... of upper classes did not have equal rights to men of the same class. Women were less equal than lower class men because their work was not as valued as that of men. The merchants were ...
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