... Thapsus, after which Cato committed suicide rather than be pardoned by Caesar. (1) Almost a year later, in July 46 BC, the victorious and now unchallenged Caesar arrived back in Rime and celebrated four splendid triumphs. He sent for Cleopatra and the year old Caesarion and established them in a luxurious villa across the Tiber from Rome. His program for accomplishing these goals, both what he actually achieved ... 44 BC, Caesar was named dictator perpetuus. On February 15, at the feast of Lupercalia, Caesar wore his purple garb for the first time in public. At the public festival, Anto...

• Word Count: 2616
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... growing support of the Roman people, Octavian declared war on Antony, to secure power for himself. The two forces, Octavian's navy commanded by Marcus Agrippa, and Antony and Cleopatra's navy, met at the battle of Actium on September 2, 31 BC. Agrippa, a very capable general and a good friend of Octavian, commanded 260 light ships, while Antony commanded 220 heavy ships (Encarta "Actium"). The battle raged ... on for a very long time, and was beginning to look like a stalemate, when the Egyptian fleet ... withdrew. Agrippa's fleet crushed the remnants of Antony's fleet, who survived and...

• Word Count: 4232
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... . Two men were the natural choices to take over: Marc Antony, Caesar's right-hand man, or Octavian, Caesar's relative by blood. Antony, who was in Egypt recovering from war in Parthia, fell in love with Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt). Rumors circulated regarding those two and their plans for Rome; one of which included Cleopatra becoming Queen of Rome. Octavian, when alerted of these rumors ... , declared war on Cleopatra. After Octavian defeated her fleet, Cleopatra and Antony killed themselves, ending the argument over who should rule Rome. Octavian was in a ... major bind. He was the most...

• Word Count: 2979
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... of Caesar, a teenager by the time Cato the Younger had committed suicide, refusing to accept Caesar's clementia, and an adult approaching middle age by the time of Octavian's victory over Antony and Cleopatra. Therefore, Livy was in a good position to obtain primary source information regarding the major key players of the ... demise of the Republic. Even figures like Gaius Marius and Lucius Cornelius Sulla had died less than 100 years before ... with all of the other great personalities of the late Republic. Livy had seen the impact of men like Sulla, Marius, Pompey, and Caesar, and was...

• Word Count: 2928
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate