... -evident existence of volitional consciousness is concerned, which is treated as the second axiom of her philosophy. Consequently, such philosophies as "behaviourism" and "eliminative materialism" had to be rejected by Ayn Rand on behalf of their claims that consciousness is an illusion. In her beliefs, she also follows Aristotle's dictum "A is A" - "a thing is what it is and not some other thing" (par ... 4). It was her third axiom, the so called axiom of identity. What follows, consciousness is what it is, it is absurd to think that it can be ... there are no short-cuts to cognition" ...

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• Approx Pages: 10

... It was probably expected, in fact, that Plato would enter politics as an intelligent young man of the ruling class. However, a pair of events turned Plato away from politics entirely. The first was the assumption of power by the Four Hundred and the Thirty, groups of powerful, wealthy citizens who seized control at the end of the Pelopennesian War and turned Athens into an oligarchy. Plato's feelings about ... such a government (which was tyrannical and unstable), even at a young age. But whatever relief he might have felt about the restoration of the Democracy disappeared when it execu...

• Word Count: 2965
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of Evolutionary Theory Early Theories Evolutionary concepts appeared in some early Greek writings, e.g., in the works of Thales, Empedocles, Anaximander, and Aristotle. Under the restraining influence of the Church, no evolutionary theories developed during some 15 centuries of the Christian era to challenge the belief in special creation and the literal interpretation of the first part of Genesis; however, much data was accumulated that was to be utilized ... 's 1907 'Negro Tableaux' and (Re)Presenting African American Historical Memory," W. Fitzhugh Brundage looks at the visual represe...

• Word Count: 9269
• Approx Pages: 37