... addition to focusing on spiritual tortures, the priest describes the raw pain and grotesqueness of hell, painting a moral and religious punishment in emotional and aesthetic terms. As Stephen is just awakening to the power of such emotions and aesthetics, Father Arnall's sermons have a particular resonance for him. Stephen's conversion to devout religiousness is, however, only temporary. The same tools Father Arnall ... longing for. The encounter with the prostitute awakens Stephen to a side of his character that he has been hidden until then. This encounter symbolizes not only his awak...

• Word Count: 4998
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on a larger level. In Lus words "What matters therefore in the historical novel is not the retelling of great historical events, but the poetic awakening of the people who figured in those events" (42). This poetic awakening in "Crabwalk" is achieved through revisiting history in order to rewrite and revise it. History is humanized and personalized in this novel by making Paul ... ...

• Word Count: 2961
• Approx Pages: 12