... Line 1, when he asks a rhetorical question to the, "unheeding sons". The unheeding sons are used as a symbol for the Polish government body at the time, as officials have a bad reputation for serving their personal interests rather than doing what is best for the nation state. The unheeding sons do not listen to the second symbol, presented as the, " ... defense," (Line 32). This metaphor is used to express that the country of Poland has nobody to solve its quarrels. Moving on to the fifth stanza, Kochowski wishes death, bad luck, and starvation upon the members of the Polish gentry...

• Word Count: 1004
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... be considered the first popular literary critic. Unlike Plato, who all but condemned written verse, Aristotle breaks it down and analyses it so as to separate the good from the bad. He studies in great detail what components make a decent epic or tragedy. The main sections he comes up with are form, means and manner. For most drama and verse, Aristotle ... warning. The fact that she gains no reward for her actions adds to the tragedy of the plot but strays from Aristotle's stipulation that a villainous character must not fall into bad luck from good (13). Lizzie's loss of her family ult...

• Word Count: 568
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: High School