... production of foreign languages. Maclntyre and Gardner defined FLA as the feeling of tension and apprehension specifically associated with second language contexts, including speaking, listening, and learning; and Horwitz et al. described language anxiety as " a distinct complex of self-perceptions, beliefs, feelings, and behaviors related to classroom language learning arising from the uniqueness of the language learning ... stimulus. The good thing about this type of anxiety is that it can be controlled and diminished over time as the learners get used to the new environment. (Brown 15...

• Word Count: 2041
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

... to signal interactional strategies, such as interrupting, asking for clarification, changing the subject, concluding an argument or forcing a hearer to reply. Similarly, in referring specifically to pronunciation instruction, Brown has pointed out that "the ELT teacher () must often decide which features of language, on the one hand, are important and therefore merit precious class time and which, on ... the other hand, are relatively unimportant and may be overlooked until a more advanced stage" (Brown, 1988: 593). Taylor (1993:2) adds to this matter and states that "While one would hes...

• Word Count: 2008
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's pronunciation. As explanation, "evidence shows that the particular motor skill of speech pronunciation is best developed at a younger age."(Steinberg: 208) Another possible reason is offered by Flege (Theo Bongaerts et al, 1997) that "one of the main cause of foreign accents is the increasing tendency of L2 learners, once they have established the phonetic categories for their L1, to perceive L2 ... language than children, although no evidence is available in classroom situation. My reason is that "adults, more cognitively secure, appear to operate from the solid foundation of the fir...

• Word Count: 1663
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate